38 PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC TRANSITION
Cabinet of Ministers no. 280 dated August 5, 2002, “On Measures to Decrease
Further the Circulation of Cash Money Outside the Banking Sector.”
14. See, among others, (i) the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers no. 504
dated November 17, 1999, “On Additional Measures to Increase Responsibili-
ties of Ministries, Organizations and Economic Units for Timely Payment of
Wages”; (ii) the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers no. 264 dated June 22,
2001, “On Additional Measures to Improve the Circulation Cash Money and to
Increase Responsibilities of Commercial Banks”; and (iii) the Resolution of the
Cabinet of Ministers no. 88 dated March 19, 2002, “On Additional Measures to
Organize Timely Payment of Wages.”
15. “It does not matter how we find cash money. We have to make timely
payment of pensions of retired people and wages of state-related organizations;
private enterprises are not our concern. Once or twice a month we sell hard cur-
rency in the black market to generate cash money. I know that this is the case
with most banks nowadays across the country,” said the head of a regional branch
of a commercial bank during an interview.
16. Squeezing the supply of cash money is not only helpful in controlling
inflation, but also helps to suppress the household sector’s demand for foreign
exchange in the country. After a short period of liberal exchange rate policies
following the introduction of the national currency, the government introduced
exchange control in early 1997. The primary intention behind this policy was to
subsidize priority sectors of the economy. During this period, the black market
exchange rate for U.S. dollars was about twice higher than the official exchange
rate. Since 2002 the government, under the IMF’s staff-monitored program,
gradually abandoned the multiple exchange rate policy and removed restrictions
on access to foreign exchange for current account transactions (Government of
Uzbekistan, 2002a, 2002b).
17. For details see the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers no. 88 dated March
19, 2002, “On Additional Measures to Organize Timely Payment of Wages.”
18. For details see, among others, the Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers
no. 204 dated June 1, 1995, and no. 452 dated September 24, 1997.
19. Attempting to control inflation through cash squeeze is not a new phenom-
enon. Cash shortages had been a common problem throughout the FSU prior to the
introduction of national currencies in the ex-Soviet republics (Hardy and Lahiri,
1996). Since the policy of squeezing the supply of currency was aimed at restrain-
ing inflation by holding back the purchasing power of households, Conway (1997)
compared the cash shortage problem to the phenomenon of monetary overhang.
20. However, this was not due to structural adjustments, but to a better harvest
in agriculture and, more important, to favorable world prices for the country’s
main products such as gold, cotton, natural gas, and oil. In addition, large inflows
of remittances of immigrant workers, working mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan,
in recent years contributed positively to growth rates (EBRD, 2007).
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