Towards
- йуналишида we were going towards the village.
Towards
[tə'wɔːdz]
1) к, по направлению к
I turned towards home. — Я повернул по направлению к дому. towards the south — к югу
2) к, по отношению к
sentiments of the Thibetans towards us — чувства тибетцев по отношению к нам
3) для; с тем, чтобы
to save money towards an education — откладывать деньги для получения образования
to make efforts towards a reconciliation — стараться добиться примирения
4) а) приблизительно, около, примерно
He had spoken towards an hour. — Он говорил около часа.
5) к, к моменту
towards the end of November — к концу ноября towards morning (evening) — к утру (вечеру)
Note:
toward I ['təuəd] ;
1) будущий, грядущий, предстоящий Syn: coming , impending
2) послушный; благонравный Syn: obedient , dutiful 3) способный к учению
Till -
гача вакт till 5, till midnight, from 5 till 7.
Until - gacha until 8 a.m
Under - тагида пастида under the table,
Up - юкори go up the stairs
Upon = on жой жихатдан устида upon the table, upon her nose
With - Билан with people
Предмет воситасида, ѐрдамида - with knife
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Ручкада, каламда, сиѐхда ѐзилди = in pen, pencil, in ink
Аммо:
tomoniаn: by him, by Anvar
Without - -сиз without papers, without glasses.
Without notice-rasmiy ogohlantirmasdan
Without fail-albatta, shaksiz
Within - biror muddat ichida (в пределах) Send me the letter within March.
With a view to (+ -ing form) - niyatida, maqsadida
Preposition
41. Apologize – uzr so’ramoq
Apologize to SMBY for SMTH – I apologized to her for being rude.
Apologize to SMBY – I apologized to my teacher.
Apologize for SMTH/doing smth – I apologized for the mistake. I apologized for being rude.
42. Apply – murojaat qilmoq
Apply to (a place) - I applied to the university
Apply FOR smth (a job) I applied for a vacant post.
43. Ask – so’ramoq
Ask smby - I asked him a question
Ask for smth – Narsa so’ramoq - I asked for an apple
Ask about smby/smth – I asked about Tom / I asked about the news.
Ask SMBY FOR smth = She asked for help.
Ask SMBY about Smby/Smth – I asked him about Tom/ I asked about the news.
44. Be Angry – jahldor bo’lmoq
Be Angry ABOUT smth – I am angry about the situation.
Be angry at/with SMBY for SMTH - I am angry at him for his absence.
45. Be annoyed – jahldor bo’lmoq
Be annoyed at/with SMBY for SMTH - He is annoyed at her for spending so much money.
46. Believe - ishonmoq
Believe IN smth = He believes in ghosts.
Believe smby = I believe you
47. Care ABOUT SMBY/SMTH = bezovtalanmoq - He cares about what his children watch on TV.
Care FOR Smby/smth = yoqtirmoq - He doesn’t care for fish.
Take care of = g’amxo’rlik qilmoq - He takes care of his pets.
48. Explain - tushuntirmoq
Explain SMTH to SMBY -The teacher explained the project to the students.
Explain SMBY – I explained him.
49. Fight - kurashmoq
Fight about = They fought about who had to do the dishes.
Fight against = Martin Luther King fought against racism and oppression.
Fight for = He fought for improved working conditions.
Fight with = He fought with his parents throughout his teen years.
50. Marry – turmush qurmoq
Marry smby – He married Jane last year.
Be/Get married to SMBY = John got married to Mary.
51. Help – yordam bermoq
Help SMBY – I helped him during the exam.
Help SMBY with SMTH = He helped me with my homework.
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52. Laugh - kulmoq
Laugh about = haqida kulmoq- She laughed about what the children had done.
Laugh AT smby/smth = ustidan kulmoq - We always laugh at his jokes.
53. Leave
leave with pay = paid leave – to’lanadigan ta’til
eave for somewhere – ga jo’namoq – He left for Moscow.
leave somewhere – ni tark etmoq – He left Moscow.
leave with smby – kishida qoldirmoq
leave at some where – joyda qoldirmoq – I left my bag at the station.
leave off = discontinue = come to an end – biror odatni bas qilmoq: the dog left off chasing the sheep ■
leave out = omit – tushurib qoldirmoq
to leave up to smb – o’zida qoldirmoq
54. Look
Look AFTER smby – orqasidan qaramoq – He looked after my child.
Look AT smby/smth = Look at this old picture of my grandmother
Look FOR smby/smth =
Look forward to = intiqlik b-n kutmoq - I look forward to meeting her parents
look smth up (in a book/in a dictionary) – manbaadan qidirmoq - Could you look the word up in the book
55. Meet
Meet Smby – uchratmoq – I met Jack yest.
Meet with SMBY – b-n uchrashmoq - We will meet with the organizers next week
55. Nod – bosh silkitmoq
nod at –– yo’q javob; nod to - ha javob
56. Hear - eshitmoq
Hear about smth = haqida eshitmoq- I have never heard about that policy before.
Hear from SMBY = haqida eshitmoq - Have you heard from your son recently?
Hear of = mavjudligi haqida eshitmoq - Have you ever heard of the Anasazi people?
Hear ON smth (radio/TV) = I heard it on the radio.
57. Point -
Point AT smby = birovni ko’rsatmoq – He pointed at me.
point to smth – narsani ko’rsatmoq – The needle of the compass always points to the North.
58. Shout – baqirmoq
Shout AT Smby (jahl bilan) = The old man shouted at the kids.
Shout TO SMBY (eshitishi uchun) = He shouted to his son as he was far away
59. Think – o’ylamoq
Think about /of = He thought about what she had said./ They need to think of ways to reduce costs.
60. Throw - tashlamoq
Throw smth AT smby (urish uchun) = He threw a stone at me to hit me.
Throw smth TO smby (for someone to catch) = He threw the ball to me to catch.
61. Use - ishlatmoq
Use SMTH for SMTH = o’rniga ishlatmoq - They use wood for fuel
Use up - sarflamoq – tthis car uses up much petrol.
62. Warn – ogohlantirmoq
Warn about = (haqida) They warned me about pickpockets in the train station.
Warn smby AGAINST smth/doing smth = (ga qarshi ogohlantirmoq) - He warned me against the illness.
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63. In + kiyim = kiyimda
In the coat in the raincoat in the dress in the red shirt
I don’t know the man in the black coat.
64.
Throughout ---- to’liq holda, har tomonlama, boshidan oxirigacha
throughout the class--- butun sinf bo’ylab/throughtout the city ---- butun shahar bo’ylab
throughout the lesson -- darsni boshidan oxirigacha
1.
On time or in time
On time- belgilangan vaqtda; neither late nor early, at the correct time
I always make sure I get to work on time.
Trains always leave on time.
He is always on time to work.
In time- not late belgilangan vaqtdan biroz oldinroq biror bir maqsadda.
I hope I’ll get to the airport in time to watch the plane land
I got to the station in time.
I got up in time to have my breakfast.
He came home in time to watch the football match.
Will you be home in time for dinner?
I've sent Jill her birthday present. I hope it arrives in time
Izoh: just in time – deyarli o’z vaqtida.
He came home just in time to watch the football match.
2.
At the end or in the end
At the end – oxirida
At the end of the week (month,year, day)
At the end of the film (concert, perfomance)
at the end of January
at the end of the match
at the end of the course
At the end of the street
There is a shop at the end of the street.
We have our exams at the end of the school year.
I'm going away at the end of January/at the end of the month.
All the players shook hands at the end of the match.
ANT: at the beginning - boshida
At the beginning of January
At the beginning of the concert
In the end – oxir oqibat, nihoyat = after all, finally, eventually.
We had some problems with our car and in the nd we sold it and bought another one.
He got more and more angry. In the end he just walked out of the room.
Jim couldn't decide where to go for his holidays. He didn't go anywhere in the end.
At first we didn't like each other very much, but in the end we became good friends.
ANT: at first
We didn’t want to go the at first but we decided to go.
3.
Transport vositalari bilan predlog ishlatilishi.
A)
Orqali
By car, by bus, by tram, by motorbike, be sea, by taxi, by car, by plane, by bike, by air, by underground, by
ship, by train, by land
I got to London by car.
We went to Tashkent by train.
B)
In + a/an/the/my/this + car, taxi
Zinapoyalik transportlar
a/an bus/motorcycle
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the plane
horse
On + my train
This tram/Bicycle
Bike
C)
Get in to the car/taxi
Get out of the car/taxi
bus
Get on + plane
Get off + train
tram
Bike
Bicycle
Motorcycle
horse
4.
For, during and while
A)
For + dan beri (davomyligini ko’rsatadi)
for two hours
for twenty minutes
for a week (month/year)
for centuries
for ages
for a log time
We watched television for two hours last night.
Victoria is going away for a week in September.
Where have you been? I've been waiting for ages.
Are you going away for the weekend?
I was asleep for half an hour.
B)
During + davomida
During + noun
during the film
during our holiday
during the night
durin the week
during the year
during the month
I fell asleep during the film.
We met a lot of people during our holiday.
The ground is wet. It must have rained during the night.
Izoh
During + the morning/the afternoon/the summer
It must have rained during the night.
I'll phone you sometime during the afternoon.
You cannot use during to say how long something goes on:
C)
While + qachonki
While + subject + verb:
Robert suddenly began to feel ill during the examination.
I fell asleep while I was watching television.
We met a lot of interesting people while we were on holiday.
Robert suddenly began to feel ill while he was doing the examination.
We saw Amanda while we were waiting for the bus.
While you were out, there was a phone call for you.
Christopher read a book while I watched television.
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Izoh: While dan keyin kelajak uchun Present Simple
I'll be in London next week. I hope to see Tom while I'm there. (not 'while I will be there')
What are you going to do while you are waiting? (not 'while you will be waiting')
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