Organic Chemistry I

C
n
H
2n
.
IUPAC NOMENCLATURE of CYCLOALKANES
1. The parent name is “cycloalkane”.
2. Number the ring to provide the lowest possible numbering sequence (when two such sequences are possible, cite
substituents in alphabetical order and the No.1 position is given to first cited substituent).
Example:
Figure 2.2k 1,1-dimethyl-3-chlorocyclohexane & 1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane
3. When both ring and chain are included in the structure, compare the number of carbons in ring vs chain, and select
the one with more carbons as the parent structure; the other is treated as a substituent.
Example:
Figure 2.2l propylcyclobutane
2.2 Nomenclature of Alkanes | 55

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4. When higher priority functional groups are present (more in
section 2.2
), parent structure will contain that functional
group.
Example:
Figure 2.2m 3-cyclobutylpropanal
56 | 2.2 Nomenclature of Alkanes

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2.3 Functional Groups
Functional groups are the most reactive parts in organic compounds, and determine the major properties of
compounds. The summary of common functional groups is included in
Table 2.2
. Knowing the functional groups well is
one of the fundamental skills required for this course. It is required in order for students to quickly identify and name
the functional groups included in molecules, as well as to understand, interpret and draw the specific structure of each
functional group clearly. The IUPAC naming of compounds containing a couple of functional groups is required as well.
2.3 Functional Groups | 57

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Figure 2.3a Table 2.2 Common Organic Functional Groups
58 | 2.3 Functional Groups

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Figure 2.3b Table 2.2 Common Organic Functional Groups (continued)