Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка для студентов

elliptical sentence
is a sentence with one or more of its parts left 

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out, which can be unambiguously inferred from the context. The main sphere of 
elliptical sentences is dialogue.
e.g. 
Where are you going? – To the movies. 
In terms of structure the following types of elliptical sentences are singled 
out: 
a) omission of the subject: e.g. 
Hope to see you soon. 
b) omission of the predicate in patterns with there is, there are, e. g. 
Too 
many mistakes, I am afraid.
c) omission of auxiliary, copulative and other function verbs, e. g. 
You like it 
here? 
d) omission of the subject and auxiliary verb, e. g. 
Hear me? 
e) omission of the subject and the copula-verb, e. g. 
Glad to see you again.
 
Classification of sentences according to prof. Pocheptsov 
Prof. Pocheptsov suggests the following classification of sentences.
All sentences are divided into sentences proper and quasi-sentences.
Sentences proper are communications, they have the subject-predicate base 
and differ in the way they relate contents to reality.
Quasi-sentences are not communications, they do not have the subject-
predicate base. These are either vocatives (
John
), or interjectional sentences 
expressing emotions (
Oh
), or meta-communicative sentences used to open or close 
a speech contact (
Good day
). Quasi-sentences are granted the status of sentences 
just because they can substitute for sentences in the flow of speech being 
characterized by separateness and acquiring intonational characteristics of the 
sentence.

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Sentences proper are further divided into declarative (
John came
), 
interrogative (
Did John come
), optative (
If John came
) and inductive (
Come
).
An interrogative sentence is an inquiry of information that the author of the 
sentence does not have.
A declarative sentences is a communication of information.
Both an optative and inductive sentences express the speaker’s voluntative 
attitude to some event. The difference is that in the first case the desire does not get 
satisfied while in the second case it is realized by means of verbal influence on the