Qarshi davlat universiteti xorijiy tillar fakulteti ingliz tili va adabiyoti kafedrasi



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Majmua TOMA (2)

Mexican tribes
revered (почитать, уважать) the 
divine Quetzalcoatl
, a god of the 
Toltecs
and 
Aztecs
, and some tales of a high god or culture were told elsewhere. 
However, 
there are no long, standardized religious cycles about one supreme divinity.
The closest 
equivalents to Old World spiritual narratives are often accounts of 
shamans
initiations and 
voyages. 
Apart from these, there are stories about culture heroes such as the Ojibwa tribe's 
Manabozho or the Navajo tribe's Coyote. 
These tricksters are treated with varying degrees of 
respect
. In one tale they may act like heroes, while in another they may seem selfish or 
foolish.
Examples of almost every oral genre can be found in American Indian literature: lyrics, 
chants, myths, fairy tales, humorous anecdotes, incantations, riddles, proverbs, epics, and 
legendary histories.
2.THE LITERATURE OF EXPLORATION
Had history taken a different turn, the United States easily could have been a part of 
the 
great Spanish or French overseas empires
. Its present inhabitants might speak Spanish and 


107 
form one nation with Mexico, or speak French and be joined with 
Canadian Francophone 
Quebec and Montreal
.
Yet the earliest explorers of America were not English, Spanish, or French. The first 
European record of exploration in America is in a Scandinavian language.
The Old Norse 
Vinland Saga recounts how the adventurous Leif Eriksson and a band of wandering Norsemen 
settled briefly somewhere on the northeast coast of America -- probably Nova Scotia, in Canada 
-- in the first decade of the 11th century, almost 400 years before the next recorded European 
discovery of the New World.

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