Bioremediation of Agricultural Soils Polluted with Pesticides: a review

Document Outline

• Introduction 
• Classification of Pesticides 
  • Classification by Origin 
    • Classification by Chemical Composition 
    • Biopesticides 
  • Classification by Targets 
    • Insecticides 
    • Herbicides 
    • Rodenticides 
    • Fungicides 
• Diffusion of Pesticides into the Environment and Their Toxicology 
  • Presence and Distribution into the Environment 
    • Adsorption by Soil Particles 
    • Degradation Processes 
    • Leaching from Soil to Water 
  • Toxicity and Short- and Long-Term Damages 
    • Organochlorines 
    • Organophosphates 
    • Carbamates 
    • Pyrethroids and Pyrethrins 
• Biological Techniques for Pesticide Removal 
  • Mechanisms of Microbial Degradation 
    • Bacterial Degradation 
    • Fungal Degradation 
    • Enzymatic Degradation 
    • Mineralization 
    • Co-Metabolism 
  • Application of Microbial Remediation 
    • Natural Attenuation 
    • Biostimulation 
    • Bioaugmentation 
    • Bioventing 
    • Biosparging 
    • Composting 
    • Slurry Bioreactors 
  • In-Field Applications 
• Legislation 
  • European Union 
  • United States of America 
  • India 
  • Regulation in Other Countries 
• Conclusions 
• References