Bioremediation of Agricultural Soils Polluted with Pesticides: a review



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bioengineering-08-00092

6. Conclusions
After the Second World War, the use of pesticides and plant protection products
has grown heavily, both in developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, all these
compounds are toxic to different extents and impact human health and the environment.
Moreover, many of them are persistent; that is to say, their degradability is very limited
and occurs for long times.
Soil bioremediation for their removal can be carried out exploiting either specific or
indigenous microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), or enzymatic degradation.
While at a laboratory scale, many findings on soil bioremediation are available in the
literature, few data on real-scale activities can be found. Unfortunately, this is mainly due
to the poor cooperation among research laboratories, local authorities imposing a given
soil clean-up, and companies involved in the sector of bioremediation in soils polluted
with pesticides.
It would be beneficial that more and more this cooperation becomes united, to dissem-
inate the experiences and results. Moreover, the cost data are lacking, too.
As for other pollutants, when required, the pesticide removal must take into account
the chemical and toxicological characteristics of the compounds, without disregarding
the national legislation. To this purpose, it must be outlined that several countries are
still lacking in legislative acts, and this is the main drawback when polluted areas must
be remediated.
Author Contributions:
Writing—original draft preparation, C.M.R.; writing—review and editing,
C.M.R. and F.C.; supervision, F.C. Both authors have read and agreed to the published version of
the manuscript.
Funding:
This research received no external funding.
Institutional Review Board Statement:
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement:
Not applicable.

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