sobre los muros y las banquetas
.
‘
The light posts
THREW
regular strokes of light
over the walls and sidewalks
.’
8
Another possible difference between
INITIATORS
is the extent of volition: if the energy sources have the desire
or will for the actions to occur. An animate can purposefully and willingly throw an object, but the sea does not
move the human by its own volition. This feature could be explored in future studies.
9
Echar
in fact is used to express the production (including growth) or emission of elements that are thought to
be natural parts of an entity. Plants produce leaves and roots, human bodies produce hair and bellies, and
even chimneys and cars produce smoke. All of these use the verb
echar
.
52 |
(11) …tarareó acompañando la voz que
la bocina
ARROJABA
…
(CdE:19-F, Gallofero)
‘S/he hummed, accompanying the voice that
the horn
PRODUCED
.’
(12) …
el tronco sin raíz
…
ECHÓ
brotes verdes.
(CdE:19-F, El peldaño gris)
‘
The rootless trunk
SPROUTED
green shoots.’
These similarities exist, but
arrojar
behaves differently from the other verbs. This
verb’s larger relative preference for inanimate
INITIATORS
(almost 30% of the sentences with
arrojar
) is due in part
to a specific construction, which I will label the
PRODUCING DATA
construction. In this construction, the
INITIATORS
are events or data sources which present or
give as a result information, especially numerical data (DELE, ADESSE, VOX). The
following examples will illustrate:
(CdE:19-N Cuba:CubaNet:98Ene15)
(13)
Los cálculos
ARROJAN
133,061 abstenciones en el acto electoral del 11 de enero…
‘
The calculations
RESULTED IN
133,061 abstentions in the electoral act of January
11th…’
(CdE:19-N Bolivia:ERBOL:01/26/96)
(14) Tres campesinos heridos de bala y aproximadamente 150 detenidos
ARROJÓ
como
saldo
el enfrentamiento entre efectivos antidroga y cocaleros
…
‘Three farmers injured by bullets and approximately 150 detained
WAS THE TOLL
of the
confrontation between antidrug troops and coke-dealers
.’
The
INITIATORS
are italicized and the
MOVANTS
are underlined. In (13), the
INITIATOR
is a data source which produces or shows a value. In (14) an event results in a number of
people injured and detained. There are 16 examples of this construction in the data, making
up about half of the inanimate
INITIATORS
for
arrojar
.
The
INITIATORS
for this construction can be divided into two groups, shown in table 2.
The first group contains nouns that refer to different types of events. The second group
includes words referring to data or to numerical values. This division is seen in the definitions
for this construction. Both DELE and VOX state that this meaning of
arrojar
is used when
discussing calculations or documents: they acknowledge data
INITIATORS
. ADESSE’s
definition mentions
un hecho
‘an event’ as one of the arguments, acknowledging event
INITIATORS
.
The
PRODUCING DATA
construction is also associated with specific types of
MOVANTS
.
The table shows the
MOVANT
that appears with each
INITIATOR
in the sentences from the
corpus. Some of the
MOVANTS
are actual numerical values (labeled NUMBER in table 2),
such as
133,061 abstenciones
‘133,061 abstentions’ in example (13) above. Others include
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |