The Interplay of Synonymy and Polysemy


sobre los muros y las banquetas



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Bog'liq
thesis

sobre los muros y las banquetas
.
 

The light posts
THREW
regular strokes of light 
over the walls and sidewalks
.’ 
8
Another possible difference between 
INITIATORS
is the extent of volition: if the energy sources have the desire 
or will for the actions to occur. An animate can purposefully and willingly throw an object, but the sea does not 
move the human by its own volition. This feature could be explored in future studies.
9
Echar
in fact is used to express the production (including growth) or emission of elements that are thought to 
be natural parts of an entity. Plants produce leaves and roots, human bodies produce hair and bellies, and 
even chimneys and cars produce smoke. All of these use the verb 
echar
.


52 | 
(11) …tarareó acompañando la voz que 
la bocina
ARROJABA
… 
(CdE:19-F, Gallofero) 
‘S/he hummed, accompanying the voice that 
the horn
PRODUCED
.’ 
(12) …
el tronco sin raíz
… 
ECHÓ
brotes verdes. 
(CdE:19-F, El peldaño gris) 

The rootless trunk
SPROUTED 
green shoots.’ 
These similarities exist, but 
arrojar 
behaves differently from the other verbs. This 
verb’s larger relative preference for inanimate 
INITIATORS
(almost 30% of the sentences with 
arrojar
) is due in part
 
to a specific construction, which I will label the 
PRODUCING DATA
construction. In this construction, the 
INITIATORS 
are events or data sources which present or 
give as a result information, especially numerical data (DELE, ADESSE, VOX). The 
following examples will illustrate: 
(CdE:19-N Cuba:CubaNet:98Ene15)
 
(13)
 
Los cálculos
ARROJAN
133,061 abstenciones en el acto electoral del 11 de enero… 

The calculations
RESULTED IN
133,061 abstentions in the electoral act of January 
11th…’ 
(CdE:19-N Bolivia:ERBOL:01/26/96) 
(14) Tres campesinos heridos de bala y aproximadamente 150 detenidos 
ARROJÓ
como 
saldo 
el enfrentamiento entre efectivos antidroga y cocaleros
… 
‘Three farmers injured by bullets and approximately 150 detained 
WAS THE TOLL
of the 
confrontation between antidrug troops and coke-dealers
.’ 
The 
INITIATORS
are italicized and the 
MOVANTS
are underlined. In (13), the 
INITIATOR
is a data source which produces or shows a value. In (14) an event results in a number of 
people injured and detained. There are 16 examples of this construction in the data, making 
up about half of the inanimate 
INITIATORS
for 
arrojar
.
The 
INITIATORS
for this construction can be divided into two groups, shown in table 2. 
The first group contains nouns that refer to different types of events. The second group 
includes words referring to data or to numerical values. This division is seen in the definitions 
for this construction. Both DELE and VOX state that this meaning of 
arrojar 
is used when 
discussing calculations or documents: they acknowledge data 
INITIATORS
. ADESSE’s 
definition mentions
un hecho 
‘an event’ as one of the arguments, acknowledging event 
INITIATORS

The 
PRODUCING DATA
construction is also associated with specific types of 
MOVANTS

The table shows the 
MOVANT
that appears with each 
INITIATOR
in the sentences from the 
corpus. Some of the 
MOVANTS
are actual numerical values (labeled NUMBER in table 2), 
such as 
133,061 abstenciones
‘133,061 abstentions’ in example (13) above. Others include 



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