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UNIT-1Introductiontomachineandmachinetool (3)

Forming
: The forming is an operation that 
produces a convex, concave or any irregular profile on 
the workpiece. 
12.
Chamfering
: Chamfering removes the burrs and sharp edges, and thus makes the handling safe. Chamfering 
can be done by a form tool having angle equal to chamfer which is generally kept at 45°. 
13.
Filing and Polishing: 
The filing is the finishing operation that removes burrs, sharp corners and feed marks 
from the workpiece. After filing, the surface quality is the workpiece is improved by the polishing operation 
with the help of emery cloth of fine grades.
14.
Taper Turning
: The taper turning is an operation 
of producing a conical surface by gradual reduction 
in the diameter of a cylindrical workpiece. 
 


Basics of Mechani cal Engin eerin g (B.M.E ) B rown Hill Coll ege of E ngg. & T ech.
 
SACHIN CHATURVEDI 

 
S A H A P E R M A C H I N E
 
Introduction: 
The shaper is a machine tool used primarily for: 
1.
Producing a flat or plane surface which may be in a horizontal, a vertical or an angular plane. 
2.
Making slots, grooves and keyways 
3.
Producing contour of concave/convex or a combination of these 
Working Principle: 
The job is rigidly fixed on the machine table. The single point cutting tool held properly in 
the tool post is mounted on a reciprocating ram. The reciprocating motion of the ram is obtained by a quick return 
motion mechanism. As the ram reciprocates, the tool cuts the material during its forward stroke. During return
there is no cutting action and this stroke is called the idle stroke. The forward and return strokes constitute one 
operating cycle of the shaper. 
Construction
: The main parts of the Shaper machine is Base, Body (Pillar, Frame, Column), Cross rail, Ram and 
tool head (Tool Post, Tool Slide, Clamper Box Block). 
Base
: The base is a heavy cast iron casting which is 
fixed to the shop floor. It supports the body frame and 
the entire load of the machine. The base absorbs and 
withstands vibrations and other forces which are likely 
to be induced during the shaping operations. 

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