Introduction to Satellite Communication 3rd Edition


General Features of Satellite Networks



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ebooksclub.org Introduction to Satellite Communication Artech House Space Applications

3.1
General Features of Satellite Networks
The property which a satellite network provides via links between users is called
connectivity.
The three generic forms of connectivity are point-to-point, point-
to-multipoint, and multipoint interactive, shown in Figures 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3,
respectively. The first uses of satellites were for point-to-point links between fixed
pairs of Earth stations. As shown in Figure 3.1, communication from one station
to the other is on a dedicated path over the same satellite. Therefore, two links
are needed to allow simultaneous communication in both directions. That is how
the typical telephone conversation or interactive data link functions. The link can
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70
Satellite Network Architectures
Figure 3.1
The most basic two-way satellite link provides point-to-point connectivity.
Figure 3.2
Point-to-multipoint (broadcast) connectivity delivers the same information over the
satellite coverage footprint.
remain in place for an extended period, called preassigned service, or be put into
place for the duration of a conversation, called demand-assigned service.
The point-to-point link allowed satellites to create a worldwide network of
telephone circuits, providing a solid foundation for international telecommunica-
tions development. That was before the days of high-capacity fiber optic cable, a
technology that pushed satellites out of this role. Since the 1980s, satellites are
used largely for point-to-multipoint connectivity, also called broadcast. As shown
in Figure 3.2, a single uplink station can transmit a continuous stream of informa-
tion to all receiving points within the coverage area. Satellites like Galaxy 1R in
the United States, Astra 1 in Europe, and JCSAT in Japan all use that broadcast


3.1
General Features of Satellite Networks
71

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