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CHAPTER III. METPHORS ENCOMPASSING MENTALITY
ELEMENTS IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES AND THEIR
CLASSIFICATION. (ON THE MATERIALS OF “A TREE GROWS IN
BROOKLYN” AND “DUNYONING ISHLARI”)
In fact we have to distinguish culture from mentality. As in some cases their
border is quite similar that one is confused about what is what. Yet, there are
certain discrepancies between them. Kovecses explains
his attitude clearly by
relying upon the notion of culture, he chooses several languages to compare and
based on one concept he tries to illustrate metaphors in those languages.
Sometimes there are similarities in term of notions between the languages, whereas
occasionally it can be met clear differences. Though we agree with his contention,
we argue
that it is somehow incomplete, as in order to make metaphors we use first
our brain which is under the influence of mentality, and then culture. Therefore, we
have to differentiate these notions.
While our research in differentiating them, we encountered a bit hardship.
Since most literature presents either vague information
or explains only one of
them. The most striking thing is their definitions in most cases are quite similar,
yet we managed to put a boundary between them. We have also asked several
scientists and linguists about it. We contend that they are about how we behave,
our values, our customs and traditions; yet mentality is related to cognition, that is
to say it is directly pertained to our thinking, it is fruit of brain, whereas culture is
rather
related to actions and deeds, it is when our thoughts put into action. Thus,
when we ponder about one concept, tradition, value and whatsoever its mentality,
when we act it is culture. Mentality rather than culture is flexible, and it can spread
across various cultures. We can differentiate several mentality kinds, according to
nationality, age, profession, geographical location, flora and fauna,
social status
and so on. The interesting thing is that mentality rather changeable than culture.
Within one single century it can be in various forms, since almost everything, like
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innovations, destructions, obsoleteness, development can affect to the layout of
mentality. One can agree that both terms can be obsolete in certain time. Thus, they
are so broad, meanwhile a kind of vague notions. What are we going to do in this
chapter is we first sort out particular common
metaphors which containing
mentality elements in the English and Uzbek languages, group them in one certain
conceptual metaphor, and classify them according to mentality types (as above
mentioned). We tried to choose the most commonplace metaphors so we chose two
literary
5
* works namely “A tree in Brooklyn” by Betty Smith and “Dunyoning
ishlari” by O’tkir Hoshimov and we intend to classify
them in aforementioned
manner. Wherever possible, we’ll try to give equivalents in the other language, or
if there is not one it will be presented word for word version or we can give a
definition to them. Though our aim is only to figure out metaphors in one
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