Study Notes management accounting acca f2



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

Degree of completion: 
 
Material (valued at $19,880) 
100% 
Conversion (valued at $3,775) 
25% 
Units transferred to process 2 
1700 units 
Closing WIP 
300 units 
Degree of completion:
 
Materials 
100% 
Conversion
50% 
Costs incurred in the period : 
 
Material
$100,000 
Conversion
$86,000 
There were no process losses.
 
Required: 
Prepare the process account for august using: 
a) 
Weighted average method. 
b) 
FIFO method. 
Solution: 
a) Weighted Average Method
Process Account
 
 
Equivalent units: 
Material:
 1,700 + (300 x 100%) = 2,000 units
Conversion:
 1,700 + (300 x 50%) = 1,850 units
Cost per unit:
 
Materials:
 ($19,880 + $100,000) / 2,000 units = $59.94 per unit
Conversion: 
($3,775 + $86,000) / 1,850 units = $48.527 per unit
Total cost per unit:
 $59.94 + $48.527 = $108.467 per unit
 
 
 

units

$


units

$

Opening WIP 
400
23,655 Finished goods
1,700 
184,394 
Material 
1,600 
100,000 Closing WIP 
300 
25,261 
Conversion 
 
86,000
 
 
Total

2,000 209,655
Total

2,000 
209,655 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 62 of 147 
Cost of Finished Goods: 
1,700 x $108.467 = 
$184,394
Cost of Closing WIP:
Materials:
 (300 x 100%) x $59.94 = $17,982
Conversion:
 (300 x 50%) x $48.527 = $7,279
$25,261 
b) FIFO (First in first out)
 
 
Process Account 
 
Equivalent units: 
(Opening WIP x remaining percentage of completion) + Units input n 
transferred to output in the period + (closing WIP x percentage of completion). 
 
Material:
 (400 x 0%) + 1,300 + (300 x 100%) = 1,600 units
Conversion:
 (400 x 75%) + 1,300 + (300 x 50%) = 1,750 units 
Cost per unit:
 
Materials:
 $100,000 / 1,600 units = $62.50 per unit
Conversion: 
$86,000 / 1,750 units = $49.143 per unit
 
Total cost per unit:
 $62.50 + $49.143 = $111.643 per unit
 
Cost of Finished Goods: 
1,300 units x $111.643 = $145,137
1,700 units
400 units
$23,655 (incurred in the previous period)
Material:
 (400 x 0%) x $62.50 = $0
Conversion:
 (400 x 75%) x $49.143 = $14,742
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$14,742
Total cost of finished goods: 
$145,137 + $23,655 + $14,742 = $183,534
Cost of Closing WIP:
Materials:
 (300 x 100%) x $62.50 = $18,750
Conversion:
 (300 x 50%) x $49.143 = $7,371

 
 
 
26,121
 
JOINT AND BY PRODUCTS
Joint Products: 
Joint Products are produced from the same process but which have significant sales 
value at point of separation. 

units

$


units

$

Opening WIP 
400
23,655 Finished goods
1,700 
183,534 
Material 
1,600 
100,000 Closing WIP 
300 
26121 
Conversion 
 
86,000
 
 
Total

2,000 209,655
Total

2,000 
209,655 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 63 of 147 
By Products: 
By Products on the other hand are the output of the same process but they have a very 
small sales value as compared with the value of main products. 
Point of Separation/Split Point 
 
£ 20 
£ 22 
£ 0.5 
 
 
 
APPORTIONMENT OF JOINT COST INTO JOINT PRODUCTS
Process account will be as normal. The joint cost of the joint products is distributed according to these 
methods:
1. 
Physical measurement/volume at point of separation 
2. 
Sales value at point of separation 
3. 
Net realizable value at point of separation 
 
ACCOUNTING TREATMENT FOR BY-PRODUCTS
In process costing, By Products are treated as normal losses and the sales value of By Product is treated 
as scrap value of normal loss. 
1. 
Income from by product added to sales of main product 
2. 
Income from by product treated as a separate source of income 
3. 
Sales income of by product deducted from the cost of production 
4. 
Net realisable value of by product deducted from the cost of production 
 
Joint product 
By product 
Nature 
It’s a main product 
Supplementary product 
Realizable value 
High sales value 
Low sales value 
Accounting 
All the joint products are separately 
accounted for 
A by-product is not 
separately costed. 
Process 



Joint Products 
By Product 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 64 of 147 
Budgeting 
 
Planning & Control Cycle
 
Most organizations have long term goals which can be divided into objectives and action plan.
 
Objective: 
Measurable steps towards achieving the goals. 
Action plan: 
D
e
tailed steps for achieving the objectives. Action plans are often express in money terms 
and usually called budget. 

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