Study Notes management accounting acca f2



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

Product Cost:
 
The cost of making a product is known as product cost. It includes direct material, 
direct labour, direct expenses and production overheads. 
▪ 
Period Cost:
 
The cost which is related to a period not to production is known as period cost. It 
includes selling and distribution, research, finance and administration. 
 
Accounting Treatment of Product and Period Cost
Product cost is taken into profit and loss account only to the extent of number of units sold and cost of 
unsold units is taken into to the balance sheet as a closing stock. Whereas period cost in total is charged 
to profit and loss account. Product cost is used for stock valuation purpose but period cost is least 
concern with stock valuation.
 
APPROACHES TO RECORD THE COST 
Costs are recorded and accumulated in cost accounting systems using one of two main approaches: 
● Marginal costing 
● Absorption costing 
 
ABSORPTION COSTING
The objective of absorption costing is to include an appropriate share of the organisation’s total 
production overhead in the total cost of a product. Factory overhead cost will be added to each unit of 
product manufactured and sold. 
▪ The process is to share out all overheads amongst the cost centres and then to share their overheads 
amongst the products made in the cost centre. Some cost centres provide necessary services to the 
production cost centres
. These cost centres are known as 
service cost centres
, which includes 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 36 of 147 
stores, maintenance and canteen. 
▪ The overheads incurred by the service cost centres must then be shared amongst the production cost 
centres until all the overheads are within the production cost centre. Then finally the total overhead 
can be shared amongst the units which are made in each of the production cost centres.
Cost Centre
The department or sub-part of a division, to which costs can be identified. Cost centre can further be 
divided into two major categories. 

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