A Survey on Cellular-connected UAVs: Design Challenges, Enabling 5G/B5G Innovations, and Experimental Advancements
Table 5
Envisioned Network architectures of Cellular-connected UAV
Technology
Principle
Benefits
NFV-Oriented
[
70
], [
71
], [
72
]
Decouples the hardware and software
that exists in traditional vendor net-
work setting
• Greater flexibility for NF deployment
• Dynamic service provisioning
• Easily deployable and well scalable
• Efficient allocation to general purpose hardware
MEC-Oriented
[
73
], [
74
], [
75
]
The cloud computing capabilities are
placed close to edge of mobile net-
work
• Significant reduction in data exchange cost
• Computational offloading to local servers
• Improvement of QoE for end users
IoT-Oriented
[
31
], [
76
], [
45
], [
49
]
Connecting massive number of di-
verse, smart devices to 5G/B5G cel-
lular network
• Assists efficient decision making on huge data
• Extracting meaningful information for end users
• Control automation without human intervention
• Information sharing and communication
Service-Oriented
[
77
], [
78
], [
79
]
Network services are provided over a
communication protocol that is inde-
pendent of vendors or product
• Improves the modularity of application
• Transforms monolithic networking application into a
set of microservices
• Each microservice is a basic unit of functionality
alization (NFV), Service Function Chaining (SFC), network
slicing, and physical layer improvements. SDN segregates
the control functions and forwarding functions of a device. It
allows softwarization of the control functions, thereby mak-
ing the network programmable. NFV transforms the tradi-
tional network services into software based solutions (Vir-
tual Network Functions i.e., VNFs) that can be dynamically
deployed on a general purpose hardware platforms. SFC is a
chain of simple and smaller network functions that must fol-
low an execution sequence to realize a complex and large
network function. Future 5G-centric networking applica-
tions and services are driven by programmable network ar-
chitectures, where softwarization and cloudification of net-
work functions are the key enablers. Therefore, the above-
mentioned 5G innovations are envisioned as a part of the
cellular-connected UAV applications and will be detailed in
this Section. Specifically, Section
5.1
focuses on the envi-
sioned network architectures for cellular-connected UAVs.
The hardware and physical layer improvements are discussed
in Section
5.2
.
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