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Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
(1859-1930) 
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is a British writer, who created 
Sherlock Hol-mes, the world’s best known detective. Millions of 
readers are delighted in his ability to solve crimes by an amazing 
use of reason and observation. 
Doyle was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was a doctor 
and began practicing medicine in 1882, but his practice was not 
successful. Sherlock Holmes came into being while the young 
doctor waited vainly for patients. Doyle amused himself during 
those long hours by writing stories about a “scientific” detective 
who solved cases by his amusing power of deduction. His early 
stories were not very popular, but he won great success with his 
first Holmes novel “”A Study in Scarlet” (1887).
The author modeled Holmes on a real person, a tall, wiry 
surgeon who had the reputation of being able to tell a person’s 
occupation just by looking at him. Holmes appeared in 56 short stories, written by Doyle, and three 
other novels: “The Sign of Four” (1890), “The Hound of the Baskervilles”(1902), and ”The Valley 
of Fear” (1915). Later, growing tired of writing Holmes stories, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote a 
story in which the detective was killed by the Professor Mariarty mentioned at the beginning of
“The Adventure of the Norwood Builder”. But Holmes was so popular that public demand forced 
the author to bring him back to life in “The Return of Sherlock Holmes” 

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 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle also wrote historical novels, romances, and plays. At last he left 
fiction to study and lecture on spiritualism (communication with spirits). 
Rudyard Kipling
(1865-1936) 
Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay, India, on December 30, 1865, in the family of John 
Lockwood Kipling, a professor of architectural sculpture. At the age of six he was taken to England 
and educated at an English College in North Devon. In 1883 he returned to India and became sub-
editor of the Lahore Civil and Military Gazette. At the age of 21 he published his first volume, a 
small book of verse “Departmental Ditties”. A year later his “Plain Tails from the Hills” introduced 
him to the public as a story-teller. Before he was twenty-four he had already published six small 
collections of stories, which showed his remarkable talent.
From 1887 to 1899 Kipling travelled around the world and visited China, Japan and 
America. During this period he wrote his most popular works: “The Jungle Book” (1894-1895), 
“Captain Courageous” (1897), “Kim” (1902), “Just so Stories”(1902), “Puck of Pook’s Hill” 
(1906) and “Rewards and Fairies”(1910). 
The best and most beloved of Kipling’s prose works is “The Jungle Book”. It was intended 
for children. In it Kipling depicted the life of wild animals, showed their character and behaviour. 
Each chapter of this book began with a poem and ended with a song. 
The main character of this work Mowgli is the child of an Indian wood-cutter. He gets lost 
in the jungle and creeps into a lair of a wolf. The mother wolf lets him feed together with her cubs 
and calls him Mowgli which means frog. Maugli has many adventures and finally returns to the 
society of men. 
The Jungle Book shows that man is a curious animal. He is the weakest and at the same time 
the strongest animal in the world. Kipling wants to show that in an uncivilized society powerful 
animals triumph. The weak animals submit to the power of those who are stronger. This is the law 
of the Jungle, it is the law of the world. Kipling regrets that the same law of the Jungle exists in a 
civilized society too. He wants to see man as a good and noble being.