Namangan davlat universiteti ingliz filologiyasi fakulteti amaliy ingliz tili kafedrasi

Supplement 
Three chief forms of poetry flourished during the Elizabethan Age. They were the lyric, the 
sonnet, and narrative poetry. 
The lyric
is a short poem that expresses a poet’s personal emotions and thoughts in a 
songlike style. 
The sonnet
is a 14-line poem with a certain pattern of rhyme and rhythm. Elizabethan poets 
wrote two types of sonnets, the Italian sonnet and the English sonnet. The two types differed in the 
arrangement of the rhymes. Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced the sonnet from Italy into English 
literature in the early 1500’s. William Shakespeare and Edmund Spenser wrote sonnet sequences. 
 
A sonnet sequence
is a group of sonnets based on a single theme or about one person.
Narrative poetry.
A narrative poem tells a story. Shakespeare’s “Venus and Adonis” and 
Spenser’s “The Faerie Queene” are the examples of narrative poetry.
Sir Thomas More 
(1478-1535) 
One of the outstanding representatives of the English 
Renaissance was Sir Thomas More. He was a great English author, 
statesman, and scholar. More was born in London, probably in 1477 
or 1478. He studied at Oxford. More began his career as a lawyer in 
1494, and became an undersheriff of London in 1510, and then held 
various high positions. He served as Lord Chancellor, the highest 
judicial official in England, from 1529 to 1532. But More resigned 
because he opposed King Henry VIII’s plan to divorce his queen. He 
was beheaded in 1535 for refusing to accept the king as the head of 
the English church. More has since become an example of the 
individual who places conscience above the claims of authority. The 
Roman Catholic Church declared him a saint in 1935. 
More published his famous work “Utopia” at the age of thirty-
eight. It was written in Latin. “Utopia” is an account of an ideal society, with justice and equality 
for all citizens. This masterpiece gave the word “utopia” to many languages of the world. “Utopia” 
is divided into two books.

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Book I contains a conversation between More himself, the Flemish humanist Petrus Aegidius, 
and a philosophical sailor Raphael Hythloday. Their conversation deals with social and economic 
conditions in Europe and in England.
Book II is dedicated to Hythloday’s description of the island of Utopia (meaning Nowhere), 
which he visited during one of his journeys. It is a state that has achieved absolute social and 
economic harmony.
In “Utopia” the author criticizes the social system of England. He ad-vances the proposal 
that education should be provided for everybody, men and women. He advocates tolerance for 
every form of religion. Wars and Warriors are abolished in Utopia. Kings are also attacked in this 
book. More writes “The people choose the king for their own sakes and not for his”. Many of 
More’s reforms have been built into the modern world.
The book is interesting because it reflects the Renaissance, its learning, its enthusiasm for 
new ideas. “Utopia” was read in Latin by every humanist in Europe all over the continent. More 
became the most shining example of the New Learning in England. He brought the Renaissance, 
the modern way of thinking into English literature. “Utopia” was famous in its contemporary days 
but it still remains as a most suggestive discussion of the ills of the human society.
Thomas More is also well-known in world literature for his prose and poetry, written in 
English and Latin. He wrote his fine English work “A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation” 
while he was in prison. His other works include “The History of King Richard III”, written in 
English in 1513 and a series of writings in Latin in which he defended the church against Protestant 
attacks.