Iran in World History

CHAPTER 2
1. Isaiah, 45:13.
2. Irving Finkel, “Translation of the Text on the Cyrus Cylinder,” www.
britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/articles/c/cyrus_cylinder_-_translation.
aspx, lines 11–12.
3. Plato, 
Epistles
, 7, 332b.
4. DZc 1 (Darius’s Kabret inscription, line 5, from a granite stela in northern 
Egypt), in Kuhrt, 
The Persian Empire,
p. 485.
5. Quoted in Paul John Frandsen, 
Incestuous and Close-kin Marriage in Ancient 
Egypt and Persia: An Examination of the Evidence
(Copenhagen: Museum 
Tusculanum, 2009), p. 90.
6. Xenophon, 
Hellenica
, 3.15.
7. Herodotus, 
The Histories
, 4.116.2.
8. Diodorus Siculus, 
The Library of History
, 17.70.4, 6.

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N o t e s t o pa g e s 2 9 – 6 0
128
CHAPTER 3
1. Plutarch, 
Life of Crassus
, 24.5.
2. Fakhraddin Gorgani, 
Vis and Ramin
, tr. Dick Davis (New York: Penguin 
Classics, 2008), p. 108.
3. From Mani’s 
Kephalaia
, translation in Iain Gardner and Samuel N. C. Lieu, 
Manichaean Texts from the Roman Empire
(Cambridge: Cambridge University 
Press, 2004), p. 266.
4. From Kerdir’s Pahlavi inscription on the so-called Kaaba of Zoroaster at 
Naghsh-e Rostam, near Persepolis.
5. 
Greater Bundahishn
, 14A.0.1.
6. Abu Ja’far Muhammad b. Jarir al-Tabari, 
The History of Al-Tabari,
Volume 
V: 
The Sasanids, the Byzantines, the Lakmids, and Yemen
, tr. C. E. Bosworth 
(Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), p. 298.
7. Abolqasem Ferdowsi, 
Shahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings
, tr. Dick Davis 
(New York: Penguin, 2006), p. 682.
8. 
Karnamag i Ardeshir Pabagan
, 2.11; tr. Raham Asha, 
The Book of the Acts of 
Ardeshir son of Pabag
(Vincennes: Irman, 1999).
9. 
Sad dar nasr
, no. 25, in Heinrich F. J. Junker, 
Ein mittelpersisches Schulgesprächt
(Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1912), p. 20 (translation by author). I am grateful to 
Touraj Daryaee for alerting me to the existence of this little-known text.
10. 
Sahih Bukhari
, no. 4425.
11. 
Xin Tang Shu
, ch. 221, p. 6233.