Аграр тармоқ иқтисодий салоҳиятини оширишда институционал ислоҳотлар ва

 
 
The transition to a digital economy requires new methods of monitoring the 
external and internal environment for information support for making management 
decisions in the field of technological modernization of agro-industrial production. 
The methodological approach proposed in the study consists of several blocks, the 
analytical potential of which makes it possible to comprehensively assess the 
impact of digitalization processes on agro-industrial production, the readiness to 
introduce new digital technologies, the degree of innovative activity of an 
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economic entity, to identify the presence of a deficit in resources that prevents the 
transition to digital technologies. 
Agriculture is one of the oldest spheres of human activity, but today it 
cannot remain aloof from total digitalization. In most developed countries, the 
agricultural sector is moving away from the conservative approach, "a peasant with 
a plow" and "an agricultural worker driving a combine", towards an automated 
combine without a driver. So, in the UK, an experiment was successfully carried 
out, during which autonomous agricultural machinery carried out a full cycle of 
work in the field and successfully harvested without human intervention, and this 
is far from the only example of robots replacing farmers. 
Around the world, companies are emerging that are changing the approach 
to farming. In 2010, there were about 20 such companies in the world, but by 2016 
more than 13 thousand projects were registered, and their number is increasing 
every year, and at least 500 new high-tech startups with an agricultural bias appear 
in the world. Investments in agriculture are attracting colossal amounts: in 2015, 
their volume reached an all-time high of $ 4.6 billion. Among the most active 
countries that are changing the very essence of agriculture are the USA, Canada, 
Israel, India and China. 
Smart farming is a farming concept using the latest information and 
communication technologies. Smart farming includes: the use of drones for the 
delivery of fertilizers, fire extinguishing or monitoring the state of fields; software 
systems for managing agricultural enterprises that are able to process and analyze 
information from satellites, weather stations or special local sensors; precision 
farming, in which computer systems analyze the condition of the soil in order to 
achieve the maximum yield from each specific site; greenhouses with 
supplementary lighting and built-in microclimate control systems; the transition of 
enterprises to a partially or fully automated work cycle, which implies the transfer 
of control over the processes to modern systems using AI (this, by the way, is 
already happening today in Russia); marketplaces for farmers, with the help of 
which manufacturers can sell their products via the Internet and deliver them to the 
end consumer, bypassing the intermediary in the form of ordinary food markets 
and retail chains, quickly negotiate the transportation of their products and delivery 
of fertilizers, conclude contracts with restaurants and buy or sell equipment. 
There are many examples of the use of digital technologies in agriculture. In 
New Zealand, farmers use drones not only for mapping and tracking field 
conditions and crop growth, but also for herding. Using a recording of dog barking 
and a loudspeaker, they significantly reduce the time for collecting herds, although 
at the moment drones cannot replace herding dogs by 100%. The American 
company JBM North America operates in animal husbandry, which develops 
solutions for monitoring the health of animals in a herd. A small sensor connected 
to the internet constantly monitors each animal's location and health, including 
nutritional status, making herd care much easier. The use of Smart farming allows 
more rational use of pastures, forests and fields, preventing soil depletion and 

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