Modern directions of scientific research development


Zakirov Kazim Xxx, Sobirov O. T., Turdiev Zafar Salohidin oglu



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Zakirov Kazim Xxx, Sobirov O. T., Turdiev Zafar Salohidin oglu, 
Musaeva Muattar Rahimjon's daughter, G‘ulomiddinov Azamat 
Sherzodbek oglu,
 
Anorqulov Muzaffar Nuralievich
 
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CALIFORNIA SCALE 
(QUADRASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS СOMST.) IN ANDIJAN 
REGION. 
54 
 
MEDICAL SCIENCES 
9. 
Бобро Л. М., Киценко Ю. А. 
РОЛЬ СІМЕЙНОГО ЛІКАРЯ У ВИРІШЕННІ ПИТАНЬ 
КОМОРБІДНОСТІ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЮ 
ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЄЮ, СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ПРОБЛЕМИ. 
58 
10. 
Краснопольська Є. В. 
АНОМАЛІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ЖІНОЧИХ СТАТЕВИХ ОРГАНІВ. 
63 


54 
UDK 595.752.3 
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CALIFORNIA SCALE 
(QUADRASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS СOMST.) IN ANDIJAN REGION 
 
Zakirov Kazim Xxx 
PhD, Associate Professor 
Sobirov Ozodbek Tazhimatovich 
PhD. 
Turdiev Zafar Salohidin oglu, 
Musaeva Muattar Rahimjon's daughter, 
G‘ulomiddinov Azamat Sherzodbek oglu 
Andijan State University, 2nd еar masters 
Andijan State University 
Anorqulov Muzaffar Nuralievich 
Bulakboshi district 20 comprehensive school, teacher 
Andijan city, Uzbekistan 
Abstract:
California scale and its distribution in the Andijan region, host 
plants, damage of the Quadraspidiotus perniciosus to the host plants. The structure of 
females and males of this california scale, the results of their life processes in the 
Andijan region are also described. 
Keywords:
California scale, shield, quarantine, polyphage, coccidia, host 
plant, egg, larva. 
In the twentieth century, due to the strengthening of interaction between 
different countries around the world, the development of trade, exchange of goods, 
the process of migration of various pests from one country to another is also 
intensifying. This process has also affected the Republic of Uzbekistan, where there 
are cases of pests migrated from other countries. 
The Plant Protection Center of the Republic of Uzbekistan has compiled a list 
of pests of quarantine widespread in the territory of Uzbekistan. The list also includes 
the California scale (
Quadraspidiotus perniciosus
Comstock) among the quarantine 
species. 


55 
The california scale coccidia insects belonging to Diaspididae family and 
Quadraspidiotus genus, identified in 1881 by D. Comstock in California, USA. N.S. 
Borxsenius was first discovered the distribution of California scale in the countries of 
Europe [3]. He later stated that it had spread to many European countries. In Central 
Asia, A.D. Arkhangelskaya found it in her 1935 research in Ashgabat. It was later 
discovered that the california scale had also spread to Kyrgyzstan. 
Due to the fact that the female california scale lives by sucking the tissue sap of 
the branch, shoot, leaves and fruits of the host plant with its long sucking hose, the 
development of the plant is sharply reduced, the affected leaves turn еllow. The stems 
and branches begin to dry out slowly. The productivity of fruit trees decreases. 
The california scale is a bisexual insect whose population consists of males and 
females. The shield of the female california scale is about 2 mm and the female body 
is lemon-colored which settled under the shield. Insects do not show insect-specific 
structures — head, chest and abdomen. The male california scale is oval shape, the 
size is about 1 mm. In addition, the male body has sections of head, chest, and 
abdomen, with a pair of mustaches, three pairs of legs, and a pair of wings. 
Previously, the california scale was not found in Uzbekistan. However, in 1964 
it was first found in the Tashkent region. Later, the pest began to spread to other 
regions of Uzbekistan, including Andijan region (2020-2021;) 
According to the Scientific Center for Plant Quarantine Inspection under the 
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the california scale has affected a 
total of 135 hectares of land in 12 districts, 17 farms and settlements in Andijan 
region [5]. 
Nevertheless, sufficient research on the control of this shield - its distribution, 
the study of its biological properties - is carried out slowly. Therefore, in our study of 
the distribution and biological properties of this pest, this insect was found in 
orchards in Andijan and Asaka, Bulakbashi, Khojabod, Pakhtabod districts of 
Andijan region, in some homes, as well as in fruit trees planted on the streets. Some 
biological properties of this pest have been studied in our research. 
Our observations show that the california scale as a polyphage feeds on the 


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trunks, branches and twigs, leaves and fruits of more fruit trees such as cherries, 
apples, pears, apricots, peaches in the cities and districts mentioned above, causing 
severe damage to the plant. 
The california scale overwinters in Uzbekistan during the first larval stage. 
Many overwintering larvae die in the winter cold. For example, in mid-March 2020, 
we calculated that the first-year larvae in the 10 cm long, 1.5 cm diameter branch of 
an apple tree was found 22 were alive and 54 were dead from 76 larvae growing in 
the Andijan State University Botanical Garden. 
Overwintering larvae gradually transits to feeding in early spring and develop 
into adult males and females by mid-April (2020). Due to the birth alive, the bodies 
of the adult females were splitted under the binoculars and the eggs counted in the 
fallopian tubes. Observations have shown that the eggs formed in the fallopian tubes 
have different levels of development, the first of which is white, shiny, tiny, and has 
not еt taken the form of an egg. However, we have seen that the eggs that emerged 
earlier in the fallopian tubes have the shape of an egg and have a reserve yolk inside, 
while embryonic development is best seen when the eggs are formed and developed 
early. To determine the oviposition of the females, in the second decade of April we 
found that the number of eggs formed in the fallopian tubes was around 5-12, with 
splitting bodies of 25 females. Eggs are forming in the tubes. The number of formed 
and unformed eggs are from 9 to 35 in the tubes, and the average number of eggs per 
female is 23. As the embryonic development of the eggs takes place in the fallopian 
tubes, as the egg emerges from the mother's womb, the larva, which has completed 
embryonic development in the egg, bursts out of the eggshell. Larval emergence from 
the eggs was observed in early May. The larvae are еllowish-lemon in color and the 
first larvae emerge from under the mother california scale, after a period of time 
larvae spread along the twigs and branches. Some of them go down to feed by 
choosing a host place under the mother california scale, and are soon covered by the 
first shield. Often, under the mother’s shield a pest of 5-6 larvae is formed. Therefore, 
it is observed that several layers of shield are formed under the female california 
scale. Later-born larvae, crawl out from under the mother's shield and spread to the 


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twigs and branches of the plant and turn into develop. The temperate climatic 
conditions of our region show that the california scale is developing rapidly and its 
distribution area is expanding. Therefore, in order to develop effective ways to 
control this insect, it is necessary to perform important tasks such as the local 
distribution of this california scale, its biological properties and a detailed study of 
predators and parasites.

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