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Zakirov Kazim Xxx, Sobirov O. T., Turdiev Zafar Salohidin oglu,
Musaeva Muattar Rahimjon's daughter, G‘ulomiddinov Azamat
Sherzodbek oglu,
Anorqulov Muzaffar Nuralievich
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CALIFORNIA SCALE
(QUADRASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS СOMST.) IN ANDIJAN
REGION.
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MEDICAL SCIENCES
9.
Бобро Л. М., Киценко Ю. А.
РОЛЬ СІМЕЙНОГО ЛІКАРЯ У ВИРІШЕННІ ПИТАНЬ
КОМОРБІДНОСТІ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЮ
ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЄЮ, СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ПРОБЛЕМИ.
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10.
Краснопольська Є. В.
АНОМАЛІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ЖІНОЧИХ СТАТЕВИХ ОРГАНІВ.
63
54
UDK 595.752.3
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CALIFORNIA SCALE
(QUADRASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS СOMST.) IN ANDIJAN REGION
Zakirov Kazim Xxx
PhD, Associate Professor
Sobirov Ozodbek Tazhimatovich
PhD.
Turdiev Zafar Salohidin oglu,
Musaeva Muattar Rahimjon's daughter,
G‘ulomiddinov Azamat Sherzodbek oglu
Andijan State University, 2nd еar masters
Andijan State University
Anorqulov Muzaffar Nuralievich
Bulakboshi district 20 comprehensive school, teacher
Andijan city, Uzbekistan
Abstract:
California scale and its distribution in the Andijan region, host
plants, damage of the Quadraspidiotus perniciosus to the host plants. The structure of
females and males of this california scale, the results of their life processes in the
Andijan region are also described.
Keywords:
California scale, shield, quarantine, polyphage, coccidia, host
plant, egg, larva.
In the twentieth century, due to the strengthening of interaction between
different countries around the world, the development of trade, exchange of goods,
the process of migration of various pests from one country to another is also
intensifying. This process has also affected the Republic of Uzbekistan, where there
are cases of pests migrated from other countries.
The Plant Protection Center of the Republic of Uzbekistan has compiled a list
of pests of quarantine widespread in the territory of Uzbekistan. The list also includes
the California scale (
Quadraspidiotus perniciosus
Comstock) among the quarantine
species.
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The california scale coccidia insects belonging to Diaspididae family and
Quadraspidiotus genus, identified in 1881 by D. Comstock in California, USA. N.S.
Borxsenius was first discovered the distribution of California scale in the countries of
Europe [3]. He later stated that it had spread to many European countries. In Central
Asia, A.D. Arkhangelskaya found it in her 1935 research in Ashgabat. It was later
discovered that the california scale had also spread to Kyrgyzstan.
Due to the fact that the female california scale lives by sucking the tissue sap of
the branch, shoot, leaves and fruits of the host plant with its long sucking hose, the
development of the plant is sharply reduced, the affected leaves turn еllow. The stems
and branches begin to dry out slowly. The productivity of fruit trees decreases.
The california scale is a bisexual insect whose population consists of males and
females. The shield of the female california scale is about 2 mm and the female body
is lemon-colored which settled under the shield. Insects do not show insect-specific
structures — head, chest and abdomen. The male california scale is oval shape, the
size is about 1 mm. In addition, the male body has sections of head, chest, and
abdomen, with a pair of mustaches, three pairs of legs, and a pair of wings.
Previously, the california scale was not found in Uzbekistan. However, in 1964
it was first found in the Tashkent region. Later, the pest began to spread to other
regions of Uzbekistan, including Andijan region (2020-2021;)
According to the Scientific Center for Plant Quarantine Inspection under the
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the california scale has affected a
total of 135 hectares of land in 12 districts, 17 farms and settlements in Andijan
region [5].
Nevertheless, sufficient research on the control of this shield - its distribution,
the study of its biological properties - is carried out slowly. Therefore, in our study of
the distribution and biological properties of this pest, this insect was found in
orchards in Andijan and Asaka, Bulakbashi, Khojabod, Pakhtabod districts of
Andijan region, in some homes, as well as in fruit trees planted on the streets. Some
biological properties of this pest have been studied in our research.
Our observations show that the california scale as a polyphage feeds on the
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trunks, branches and twigs, leaves and fruits of more fruit trees such as cherries,
apples, pears, apricots, peaches in the cities and districts mentioned above, causing
severe damage to the plant.
The california scale overwinters in Uzbekistan during the first larval stage.
Many overwintering larvae die in the winter cold. For example, in mid-March 2020,
we calculated that the first-year larvae in the 10 cm long, 1.5 cm diameter branch of
an apple tree was found 22 were alive and 54 were dead from 76 larvae growing in
the Andijan State University Botanical Garden.
Overwintering larvae gradually transits to feeding in early spring and develop
into adult males and females by mid-April (2020). Due to the birth alive, the bodies
of the adult females were splitted under the binoculars and the eggs counted in the
fallopian tubes. Observations have shown that the eggs formed in the fallopian tubes
have different levels of development, the first of which is white, shiny, tiny, and has
not еt taken the form of an egg. However, we have seen that the eggs that emerged
earlier in the fallopian tubes have the shape of an egg and have a reserve yolk inside,
while embryonic development is best seen when the eggs are formed and developed
early. To determine the oviposition of the females, in the second decade of April we
found that the number of eggs formed in the fallopian tubes was around 5-12, with
splitting bodies of 25 females. Eggs are forming in the tubes. The number of formed
and unformed eggs are from 9 to 35 in the tubes, and the average number of eggs per
female is 23. As the embryonic development of the eggs takes place in the fallopian
tubes, as the egg emerges from the mother's womb, the larva, which has completed
embryonic development in the egg, bursts out of the eggshell. Larval emergence from
the eggs was observed in early May. The larvae are еllowish-lemon in color and the
first larvae emerge from under the mother california scale, after a period of time
larvae spread along the twigs and branches. Some of them go down to feed by
choosing a host place under the mother california scale, and are soon covered by the
first shield. Often, under the mother’s shield a pest of 5-6 larvae is formed. Therefore,
it is observed that several layers of shield are formed under the female california
scale. Later-born larvae, crawl out from under the mother's shield and spread to the
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twigs and branches of the plant and turn into develop. The temperate climatic
conditions of our region show that the california scale is developing rapidly and its
distribution area is expanding. Therefore, in order to develop effective ways to
control this insect, it is necessary to perform important tasks such as the local
distribution of this california scale, its biological properties and a detailed study of
predators and parasites.
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