Microsoft Word Theoretical Course of English Grammar



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Theoretical Course of English Grammar (Script)

Nino Kirvalidze
54
The frequency of both forms of the passive varies greatly across registers. Passive voice 
verbs are most common in the expository registers, where agents are often unknown or 
unimportant. In academic prose, passives account for about 25 per cent of all finite verbs. 
Passives are also common in news (about 15 per cent of all finite verbs), where they often 
report negative events that happened to someone. In contrast, passive voice verbs are rare in 
conversation. 
Most passive voice verbs are easy to identify. However, sometimes words look like passive 
verbs, but are actually predicative adjectives describing a state or quality. For example: 
We are delighted with the result. 
I ought to be excited. 
These participial adjectives function as predicatives. They are usually gradable and can be 
modified by the adverb of degree 
very
.
Some participial forms (like 
broken
and 
frozen
) can occur as both passives and predicative 
adjectives. In some contexts they are clearly functioning as passive verbs, describing an action 
with an agent. E.g. 
The silence was broken by the village crier
. However, in other sentences the 
same form may express a state and behave like a qualifying adjective: 
The wire is always 
broken
.
In English verb phrases, the passive can combine with perfect and/or progressive aspect. 
In actual use, though, the perfect passive is only moderately common while the progressive 
passive is rare. The perfect passive with present tense is preferred in academic prose and news, 
while the past perfect passive is moderately common in fiction (Biber et al. 2003: 173).
5. The category of mood 
The category of mood is a morphological expression of modality, that is, it marks the 
modality of reality or unreality of an action or state as viewed by the speaker. Grammarians 
differentiate three moods in modern English: the indicative mood, the imperative mood and 
the subjunctive mood.


Theoretical Course of English Grammar 
Script by prof. 

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