Engaging Listening Tasks.
What makes a listening task engaging
for young learners? Young learners are in the stage of their life in
which they are gathering information from their world experience.
They are gradually developing the abilities to listen carefully to get
something done or just get the gist of what has been said for a
purpose. In other words, learners are learning to decode messages
purposefully and manage information with confidence. The teacher’s
job is to create real-life conditions in the language classroom, as much
as possible, in order to ‘train’ students to develop effective strategies
for understanding oral messages that have some connections with
their world. Listening tasks must therefore clearly reflect students real
life experiences and everyday new discoveries.
How can teachers
make listening tasks more engaging?
Think of all the different
situations when students listen carefully to people around them. In
which situations would they listen up for important details? Possibly,
when they need to follow instructions to make something like crafts,
or to do something ‘fun’ as playing a guessing game. In these
situations, there is a clear purpose for listening and extracting key
information. This is called
transactional listening.
In this case,
stydents’ language knowledge can help them understand and select
the information needed, which is called
‘bottom-up processing’
. There
is a lot of students haven’t experienced first-hand yet, but, while
carrying out realistic tasks, they can still activate the world knowledge
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they have gained through games, books, stories or simply from
parents’ or teachers’ talk. This is called ‘top-down processing’: the
context and the listener’s background knowledge will help understand
the message. New things will easily attract students. Selecting or
designing materials that can feed students’ endless curiosity and spark
their imagination is just vital to make tasks engaging. While keeping
learners motivated, listening tasks also need to create the opportunity
for meaningful language exposure and life experience.
Appropriate materials. Teaching listening involves providing a fair
degree of motivation, purpose and engagement to a range of listening
tasks that students can relate to their real life or their world experience
and that will provide training for effective listening. Listening tasks
need to be manageable in order to avoid demotivation or information
overload for students. Authentic materials can offer a chance for real
language exposure though task grading will be necessary, for example
through visual aids or pre-listening tasks, not necessarily vocabulary
pre-teaching. For instance, you could choose to use an example as a
pre-listening task with an immediate response as to build learners’
confidence before approaching the actual task. Listening materials
surely need to feature motivating tasks, but also they need to provide
interesting content and be visually attractive to a child aged 8-11.
Selecting listening materials can be hard. You need to walk in your
learners’ shoes and see the world with their eyes not your own. Talk
to your students as much as you can to find out about their interests
and make a list of topics that are age and culturally appropriate to
your class, not students in general. Materials should always have a fun
and competitive element to make the exposure to real language more
enjoyable. Five Practical Classroom Ideas. Having outlined what
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makes listening tasks effective, here are five classroom ideas based on
these principles.
1.Listen
&
play.
Topic:
Weather/Countries
Functions:
Understanding key information Aims: Developing listening skills for
details using icons, maps & weather report video. Learning new
weather words & countries around the world through listening.
Activity: Listen to the weather forecast around the world. Match the
weather icons to the flags/countries. Pre-taught vocabulary: none.
Follow-up activity: Make a video about your local weather today
using weather flashcards.
2. Listen & make.
Topic:making things. Function:following
instructions. Aims:developing listening skills for live detailed
instructions to make a fish origami. Learning craft vocabulary e.g.
fold, unfold, turn around, press. Activity: Listen to the teacher giving
live instructions to make a simple fish origami. Pre-taught vocabulary:
none. Follow-up activity: Listen & watch 3D Animation video ‘Once
I caught a fish alive’ nursery rhyme.
3.Listen & respond. Topic: Fruit&Veg, Food Functions:
understanding requests. Aims:developing transactional/top-down
listening skills in the context of shopping. Learning quantifiers e.g.
some, a lot of, and measures e.g. Kilo, a dozen. Activity: Listen to a
customer (teacher) who recorded a message (video/audio) for the
greengrocer (learners) asking to do the shopping for her and collect
the items from the shelves (rows of desks in the classroom) Sample:
‘Hello there! I’m very ill today. Sorry, I can’t do my shopping. Can
you please help? Can I have two kilos oranges, please? Then, I need
some onions and a dozen eggs, please!’. Pre-taught vocabulary:
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Kilo/Pound; half a kilo; a dozen. Follow-up activity: Learners make
their shopping lists in turn and get partners to do the shopping
4. Listen & guess. Topic: Appearance. Function: describing people
Aims: Developing listening skills for selecting relevant information
Learning new vocabulary and phrases to describe people through
semi-authentic listening (different accents are featured in the text).
Activity: Listen to six people describing 6 other people they met in
different situations Ignore irrelevant information. Focus on their
appearance and match the description you hear to the face in the
pictures. Pre-taught vocabulary: Beard, moustache, freckles. Other
new items are taught in context through visual/aural input. Follow-up
activity: Play ‘Guess who?’ game – one learner at a time describes a
person from class/school/local town or celebrities. Other learners
guess who they are.
5. Listen & tell. Topic: Positions Function: describing places. Aims:
Developing listening skills and predict key information using visual
and aural clues. Learning basic prepositions of place and describing
places. Activity: Watch the video. Listen to the conversation. Tell
where Hero was/is now. Pre-taught vocabulary: None New items are
taught in context through visual/aural input. Follow-up activity: Play
‘Treasure hunt’ – Teacher hides small cuddly toys or nice kids’ stuff
in the classroom/school and sends learners on a treasure hunt.
Learners in groups ask the teacher for clues. Good listeners usually
win.
We can say that an effective listening course will be characterized by
the following features:
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●
The materials should be based on a wide range of authentic texts,
including both monologues and dialogues;
●
Schema-building tasks should precede the listening;
●
Strategies for effective listening should be incorporated into the
materials;
●
Learners should be given opportunities to progressively structure
their listening by listening to a text several times, and by working
through increasingly challenging listening tasks;
●
Learners should know what they are listening for and why;
●
The task should include opportunities for learners to play an active
role in their own learning;
●
Content should be personalized
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