8127/frame/fm

 
Q
Qualified expert, 233
Qualitative data, 5
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370
Principles and Practice of Criminalistics
Qualitative evidence, 133
Quality
assurance, 228, 230
control, 228, 230
Quantitative data, 5, 132, 140, 189
Questioned documents examiners, certification 
program for, 306
Quetelet, Adolphe, 29, 45, 84
 
R
Random man not excluded (RMNE), 145, 147
Random match probability, 142
Random patterns, in nature, 127
Rape, 16
Raveneau, Jacques, 35
Reasonable certainty, 293
Recognition, collection of evidence and, 62
Reconstruction, 9, 18, 57, 61, 79, 151, 177, 188, 189
capabilities of, 178
corroborative, 181
crime scene, 178
definition of, 178
foundation for, 286
limitations of, 181
shooting, 178
simulation support of, 180
Reenactment, 188
Reference samples, comparison of evidence sam-
ples to, 109
Relevant evidence, 101, 103, 104, 159, 169
Relevant hypotheses, 172
Relevant question, 105, 196
Repeatability, 9
Report writing, 274
Responsible personnel, 200
Restriction fragment length polymorphism 
(RFLP), 34
multilocus, 51
probes, single-locus, 52
Result(s)
false negative, 260
false positive, 260
falsification of, 320
inconclusive, 260
independent interpretation of, 278
partial, 293
verification of, 263
Results, communication of, 273–297
admissibility hearings, 292
big picture, 284–286
educating of judge and jury, 292
ethics of communicating of conclusions, 
292–293
expressing opinions, 296
familiarity with legal rules and procedures, 291
navigating of testimonial wilderness, 293–296
agreement by default, 295
cross-examination strategy, 294
demeanor of expert, 295
knowing what was done, 294
reasonable certainty, 293–294
review of testimony, 295–296
yes or no, 294
testimony, 286–291
personal preparation, 287–289
preparation of attorney client, 289–291
writing of report, 274–284
information contained in report, 276–279
language, 279–284
obligatory, 274–276
significant figures, 284
Review
documentation of, 235
elements of, 234
internal, 232, 237
technical, 232
RFLP, see Restriction fragment length 
polymorphism
Rhodes, Henry, 48
Richter, Max, 32
RMNE, see Random man not excluded
Ronald Goldman, 266
Rules of Discovery, 275