F. I. T. Cutting Edge text

 [PERMISSION FROM HUMAN KINETICS 
PUBLISHERS REQUIRED] 
Figure 17.4.
 
Hypothesized quartic relationship between exercise heart rate and preferred 
music tempo (adapted from Karageorghis & Terry, 2009) 
[PERMISSION FROM 
ROUTLEDGE IS REQUIRED AS A VERSION OF THIS FIGURE IS 
PUBLISHED IN THE TEXT “SPORTING SOUNDS: RELATIONSHIPS 
BETWEEN SPORT AND MUSIC” EDITED BY A. J. BATEMAN & J. R. BALE] 
Figure 17.5.
Trendlines for RPE and in-task affect in a treadmill walking task to exhaustion 
under conditions of synchronous music, oudeterous music, and a no-music control. 
Note.
The time series data for both variables are scaled to represent the time endured in 
percentage terms. Hence, 100% represents the total time endured by each participant. 

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The Role of Music 40 
40 
Hierarchy
Rhythm 
Response
Musicality
Cultural 
Impact
Association
Motivational 
Qualities
Arousal 
Control
Exercise 
Adherence
Improved 
Mood
1 
2 
3 
4 
 
Reduced 
RPE
Pre-event 
Routine
Internal 
Factors 
External 
Factors 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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The Role of Music 41 
41 
Rhythm response 
Musicality 
Cultural impact 
Associations 
Arousal control 
Reduced RPE 
Improved mood 
Dissociation 
Greater work output 
Improved skill acquisition 
Flow state
Enhanced performance 
Personal 
factors 
Situational 
factors 
Situational 
factors 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Antecedents Intermediaries Potential Benefits 

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The Role of Music 42 
42 
 
 
 
 
Emotional responses
Pool of 
emotive music
Determinants of 
emotive music
Emotional intensity 
mediators (delivery)
Listening
-
performance 
onset delay
2
Mode of delivery
2
e.g.,mp3 player, car 
audio system
Modifiable music 
properties
1
e.g., tempo, pitch,
intensity
Pleasure
1,2,3,4
Altered arousal
1,2,3
e.g., psych
 
-
up, relax
 
Attentional focus shift
1,2,3
e.g., dissociation
Confidence
1,3
Imagery
1,2
e.g., visual, auditory
Improved or maintained 
mood
2
Physical reactions
4
e.g., heightened or 
depressed motor activity
Situational 
mediators
Desired emotional state
1,2,3
e.g., psyched
-
up,
confident
Environmental factors
2,3
e.g., traveling to competition 
or working out in the gym
Present emotional state
2
e.g., good mood, nervous
Extra
-
musical associations
1
e.g., past performances, 
iconic film
Acoustical properties
1
e.g., rhythm, melody, 
harmony
Inspirational lyrics
1
e.g., 
“
I can climb a
mountain high
”
Exposure
2
e.g., radio, music TV
Modifiable emotional 
content and intensity 
mediators (selection)
Extra
-
musical 
associations
1,2
Peer and family 
influences
1
Film soundtracks and 
music videos
1
Acoustical properties
1
Identification
with artist or lyrics
1
Music 
selection
Listening to 
liked and 
subjectively 
arousing 
music

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The Role of Music 43 
43 
60
80
100
120
140
160
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Exercise Intensity (% maxHRR)
Pre
ferred
Mu
si
c 
T
emp
o
(b
p
m) 
.
.
1st inflection 
3rd inflection 
2nd inflection 

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The Role of Music 44 
44 
 
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Time (%)
F
e
e
lin
g
S
ca
le
S
co
re
s
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
R
P
E
S
co
re
s
Linear (FS Motivational)
Linear (FS Oudeterous)
Linear (FS Control)
Linear (RPE Motivational)
Linear (RPE Oudeterous)
Linear (RPE Control)
RPE Trendlines 
FS Trendlines 
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