8. Communicative Language Teaching
9. Suggestopedia
Methods of Foreign Language Teaching
Contemporary Methods
All the points mentioned in previous described methods are undergoing further development in
contemporary Methods abroad. There are many Methods of language teaching and a considerable
amount of controversy as to the best way of foreign languages teaching abroad at present. However it is
possible to group them into(l) traditional Methods which have truer origin in the grammar' translation
method, and (2) audio--lingual methods which are considered to be a further
development of the direct
method line.,
The traditional approach to foreign language teaching is characterized by (1) the use of the
native language for explanation, retention and checking;
(2)
the deductive explanation
of grammar
and the use of grammar exercises (3) the development of all the language ski11s, i.e., hearing,
speaking, reading, and writing from the beginning of the course. This approach is called traditional
because it has been prevalent in schools for a long time. The traditional methods, although they are
adopting some kinds of innovation in teaching materials, still retain those distinguishing
characteristics. Since these methods are often contrasted with audio- lingual methods.
The audio-lingual methods are considered to be contemporary ones.
During the second World
War, army programmes were set up to teach American military personnel languages such as German,
French, Japanese and Tagalot. Strong emphasis was placed on aural-oral training. The Audio-lingual
Method developed from these programmes. This method was also influenced by behavioral
psychologists who believed that foreign language learning is basically a process of Mechanical habit
formation.
It could be said that this method consist entirely of drilling in one form or another.
Audio-lingual means “Listening-speaking”. Another name for the
method is the confusing
homophony of the phrase aural-oral. The method consist of presenting an oral model to the student, on
tape or on the teacher‘s voice, and caring out a series of pattern drills based on the model.
In the audio-lingual method, skills are taught in the natural order of acquisition: listening, reading,
speaking and writing. Audio-lingual classes begin with a dialogue which introduces the lesson’s sentence
patterns. The students memorize this dialogue then practice grammar patterns in drill such as listen and
repeat substitution, chain and transformation. Accuracy in pronunciation
is emphasized and festered
through minimal pair drills where students learn to differentiate between sounds such the vowels in
“ship” and “sheep”, “bit” and “beat” and “hit” and “heat”. Lessons are sequenced according to
grammatical complexity. Translation, considered to cause interference from the
mother tongue, is not
allowed. Learning is tightly controlled by the teacher, who follows the text closely.
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