Research Methods and the Received Results
Conductive drying is based on the transfer of grain products from a heated surface. Therefore, this
method can also be called conductive. Pipes are often used as a heated surface. Heat energy is supplied to
the pipes from the inside with steam, hot water or heated gas. Moisture that evaporates from the grain is
absorbed by cold or heated air in the drying chamber. The drying speed depends on the temperature of the
heated pipe surface and the thickness of the granular layer. This drying method is used to heat the grain in
subsequent processes and slightly reduce moisture. The conductive method is used in vacuum dryers. Drying
grain at low temperatures in vacuum dryers increases the intensity of the process. Increasing the vacuum
causes the temperature of the grain to drop and increases the rate of heat transfer.
The thermo-radiation drying method is based on the drying of grain products by transferring heat
using infrared rays or solar generators. In industry, solar generators are widely used in heat transfer for
drying grain in this way. Under favorable weather conditions, large areas are recommended for drying
(asphalt, pavement, etc.). Depending on the moisture content of 1000 kg of grain per 15-20 m
2
of area,
spreading and drying with a thickness of 120-180 mm is more efficient. Depending on the weather, the
moisture content of the grain is reduced by 2-5% per day [3]. The grains need to be mixed frequently to
increase the drying speed. The advantages of this drying method are that the grain does not lose its nutritive
and seedy properties after drying, ripens quickly in the next year's harvest and reduces damage from various
rodents and insects.
The method of artificial drying with infrared rays, which are emitted by infrared generators (special
electric lamps, ceramic and metal panels heated by electric current or gas), make it possible to obtain a high
heat flux density on the surface of the material (20–100 times higher than with convective drying). However,
it should be noted that the grain as a whole is poorly permeable to infrared radiation. When using light
emitters, the permeability of a layer with a thickness of one grain is only 20%, and a layer with a thickness
of two grains is only 5% [2].
When the high frequency (HFC) drying method is used dielectric materials are placed in HDTV field
between two plates (plates capacitor). Under the action of high-frequency electromagnetic oscillations, the
material molecules are polarized and set in oscillatory motion, accompanied by particle friction and heating.
The evaporated moisture released as a result of heating is removed along with the air that swallowed it.
Material placed in the box HDTV heats up very quickly and evenly (within a few seconds) throughout its
entire thickness [8].
Drying grain products using a microwave field has the following advantages:
- high speed of heating of cereals;
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