3.1. Read the text
* * *
Over the past few years, one of the most important shifts in the digital world has been the move from the wide-open
Web to semiclosed platforms that use the Internet for transport but not the browser for display. It's driven primarily
by the rise of the iPhone model of
mobile computing
, and it's a world Google can't crawl, one where HTML doesn't
rule. And it's the world that consumers are increasingly choosing, not because they're rejecting the idea of the Web
but because these
dedicated
platforms often just work better or fit better into their lives. The fact that it's easier for
companies to make money on these platforms only cements the
trend
. Producers and consumers agree: The Web is
not the culmination of the digital revolution.
A
decade
ago, the
ascent
of the Web browser as the center of the computing world appeared inevitable. It seemed
just a matter of time before the Web replaced PC
application software
and reduced operating systems to a "poorly
debugged set of
device drivers
," as Netscape cofounder Marc Andreessen famously said. First Java, then Flash, then
Ajax, then HTML5 — increasingly interactive online code — promised to put all apps in the cloud and replace the
desktop with the
WebTop
. Open, free, and out of control.
But there has always been an alternative path, one that saw the Web as a worthy tool but not the whole toolkit. The
argument then was that "push" technologies such as PointCast and Microsoft's Active Desktop would create a
"
radical
future of media beyond the Web." The point was altogether prescient: a glimpse of the machine-to-machine
future that would be less about browsing and more about getting. As it happened, PointCast quickly
imploded
, taking
push with it. But just as Web 2.0 is simply Web 1.0 that works, the idea has come around again. Those push
concepts have now reappeared as APIs, apps, and the
Smartphone
. And this time we have Apple and the
iPhone/iPad juggernaut leading the way, with tens of millions of consumers already
voting
with their
wallets
for an
app-
led
experience. This post-Web future now looks a lot more convincing. Indeed, it's already here.
The Web is, after all, just one of many applications that exist on the Internet, which uses the IP and TCP protocols to
move packets around. This architecture — not the specific applications built on top of it — is the revolution. Today
the content you see in your browser — largely HTML data
delivered
via the http protocol on port 80 — accounts for
less than a quarter of the traffic on the Internet … and it's shrinking. The applications that account for more of the
Internet's traffic include peer-to-peer file transfers, email, company VPNs, the machine-to-machine communications
of APIs,
Skype
calls, and
online games
,
Xbox Live
,
iTunes
, voice-over-IP phones, iChat, and Netflix movie streaming.
Many of the newer Net applications are closed, often
proprietary
, networks.
And the shift is only accelerating. Within five years, Morgan Stanley projects, the number of users accessing the Net
from
mobile devices
will surpass the number who access it from
PCs
. Because the screens are smaller, such mobile
traffic tends to be driven by specialty software, mostly apps, designed for a single purpose. For the sake of the
optimized experience on
mobile devices
, users forgo the
general-purpose
browser. They use the Net, but not the
Web. Fast beats
flexible
.
This was all inevitable. It is the cycle of capitalism. The story of industrial revolutions, after all, is a story of battles
over control. A technology is invented, it spreads, a thousand flowers
bloom
, and then someone finds a way to own
it, locking out others. It happens every time.
/ adapted from The Web Is Dead. Long Live the Internet by
Chris
Anderson and Michael Wolff/
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