Bpp learning Media is an acca approved Content Provider

Role category 
Role 
Comment 
Interpersonal
Based on manager's formal 
authority or position 
Figurehead
(or ceremonial) 
 
Leader 
 
 
Liaison
A large part of a Chief Executive's time is 
spent representing the company at dinners, 
conferences, and so on. 
Hiring, firing and training staff, motivating 
employees, and reconciling individual goals 
with the objectives of the organisation.
Making contacts outside the vertical chain of 
command. Some managers spend up to half 
their meeting time with their peers rather 
than with their subordinates. 
Informational
Based on managers' access to: 

Upward 
and 
downward 
channels 

Many 
external 
contacts 
Monitor
 
 
 
 
Spokesperson 
 
 
Disseminator 
The manager monitors the environment, and 
receives information from subordinates, 
superiors and peers in other departments. 
Much of this information is of an informal 
nature, derived from the manager's network 
of contacts. 
The manager provides information on behalf 
of the unit and/or organisation to interested 
parties.
The manager disseminates relevant 
information to subordinates. 
Decisional
Based on the manager's formal 
authority and access to 
information, which allow him to 
take decisions relating to the work 
of the department as a whole. 
Entrepreneur 
 
 
Disturbance 
handler 
 
Resource allocator 
 
 
Negotiator 
A manager initiates projects to improve the 
department or to help it react to a changed 
environment. 
A manager has to respond to unexpected 
pressures
,
taking decisions when there is 
deviation from the plan. 
A manager takes decisions relating to the 
mobilisation and distribution of limited 
resources to achieve objectives. 
Both inside and outside the organisation, 
negotiation takes up a great deal of 
management time. 
Mintzberg's research challenged the classical view of the manager as separate to, or above, the routine 
demands of day-to-day work. 
(a) 
Managers are not always able to be reflective, systematic planners. 
(b) 
Managerial work is disjointed and discontinuous. 
BPP Tutor Toolkit Copy

---

CHAPTER 11
//
LEADING AND MANAGING PEOPLE