Webster's New World Medical Dictionary

congenital neutropenia, severe
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more distant relatives carries lesser risks. In fami-
lies where a recessive genetic disorder is known or
suspected to be present, genetic testing and coun-
seling are advised, even if the level of consanguinity
is very low (as, for example, in marriages between
third or fourth cousins).
constipation
Infrequent and frequently incom-
plete bowel movements. Constipation is the opposite
of diarrhea and is commonly caused by irritable
bowel syndrome (IBS), diverticulosis, and medica-
tions. Paradoxically, constipation can also be
caused by overuse of laxatives. Colon cancer can
also narrow the colon and thereby cause constipa-
tion. A high-fiber diet can frequently relieve consti-
pation. If the diet is not helpful, medical evaluation
is warranted.
continuing medical education
See 
CME.
continuous positive airway pressure
A treat-
ment for sleep apnea that involves wearing over the
face a breathing mask that forces air through the
nasal passages at a steady rate, preventing the air-
way from collapsing during sleep. Abbreviated CPAP.
See also 
sleep apnea.
contraceptive
Something capable of preventing
conception from taking place. See also 
barrier
method; birth control; cervical cap; condom;
condom, female; condom, male; contraceptive,
emergency; contraceptive, implanted; Depo-
Provera; diaphragm; intrauterine device; oral
contraceptive.
contraceptive, emergency
An oral contracep-
tive that can be taken after unprotected intercourse.
For example, emergency contraceptives may be
given to victims of rape as part of aftercare proce-
dures. Also known as the morning-after pill.