Club of bologna proceedings

Fig. 2 
penetration into the soil so that the soil 
surface in the wheel track area is less 
disturbed. The Paratill 
(Fig. 3) 
is designed 
for more depth and will lift the soil under 
the wheel track section of the row. The 
Southeastern U.S. has had a large increase 
in the use of tillage tools similar to those 
shown in 
Figures 
2 and 
3. 
A conservation tillage discussion session 
was recently held (October 19, 1998) in 
Baltimore, MD. armers from Brazil, Ar-
gentina, and the U.S. participated. One 
general conclusion was that in order to 
make conservation tillage work, crop rota-
tions and cover crops will have to be used 
as part of the system. The rotations or cover 
crops help to break the weed cycles and 
build organic matter. In the Northwest re-
gion of the U.S. where there is small grain 
production on steep slopes, new conserva-
tion tillage planters are being developed 
that can perform in these conditions. 
Fig. 1 - 1997 National Crop Residue Management Survey 
14 

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Fig. 2 View of Teratill tillage tool with “bent Shank” 
Fig. 3 View of Paratill tillage tool showing the “bent Shank” 
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16
Table 1
Conservation tillage, 1998 U.S. summary 
TOTAL 
REDUCED INTENSIVE 
CROP 
ACRES 
HECTARES 
CONSERV. 
TILL 
TILL 
(30% residue) 
(15-30%) 
(0-15%) 
(x1000) 
(x1000) 
(%) 
(%) 
(%) 
Corn (full season) 
80,425 
32,548 
38.9 
25.1 
36 
Corn (double-cropped) 
1,234 
500 
43.7 
19.8 
36.5 
Small grain (spring-seeded)s 
33,505 
13,560 
30.9 
35.9 
33.2 
Small grain (fall-seeded) 
47,775 
19,334 
33.6 
33.8 
32.6 
Soybeans (full season) 
66,641 
26,970 
52.2 
22.2 
25.7 
Soybeans (double cropped) 
6,163 
2,494 
74.2 
12.8 
13 
Cotton 
13,627 
5,515 
12.4 
13.1 
74.5 
Table 2 
Conservation tillage, 1998 U.S. summary 
CROP 
NO-TILL 
RIDGE-TILL 
MULCH-TILL 
TOTAL 
(*)
(30% residue) 
(%) 
(%) 
(%) 
(%) 
Corn (full season) 
16.4 
2.9 
19.6 
38.9 
Corn (double-cropped) 
26.9 
0.1 
16.6 
43.7 
Small grain (spring-seeded) 
8.3 
0 
22.6 
30.9 
Small grain (fall-seeded) 
9.3 
0.1 
24.2 
33.6 
Soybeans (full season) 
28.7 
0.9 
22.6 
52.2 
Soybeans (double cropped) 
66.3 
0.1 
7.8 
74.2 
Cotton 
4.9 
2.2 
5.3 
12.4 
(*) no-till + ridge-till + mulch-till = total area in conservation tillage 

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