Interpersonal Attraction
One reason people choose to form informal or interest
groups is that they are attracted to one another. Many different factors contribute to
interpersonal attraction. When people see a lot of each other, pure proximity increases
the likelihood that interpersonal attraction will develop. Attraction is increased when
people have similar attitudes, personalities, or economic standings.
Group Activities
Individuals may also be motivated to join a group because the
activities of the group appeal to them. Jogging, playing bridge or fantasy football, bowl-
ing, discussing poetry, playing war games, or flying model airplanes are all activities that
some people enjoy. It is more enjoyable to participate in many of them as a member of a
group, and most require more than one person. Many large firms such as Exxon Mobil
and Apple have a football, softball, or bowling league. A person may join a bowling
team, not because of any particular attraction to other group members, but simply
because being a member of the group allows that person to participate in a pleasant
activity. Of course, if the group’s level of interpersonal attraction is very low, a person
may choose to forgo the activity rather than join the team.
Group Goals
The goals of a group may also motivate people to join. The Sierra Club,
which is dedicated to environmental conservation, is a good example of this kind of
interest group. Various fund-raising groups are another illustration. Members may or
may not be personally attracted to the other fund-raisers, and they probably do not
enjoy the activity of knocking on doors asking for money, but they join the group
because they subscribe to its goal. Workers join unions such as the United Auto Workers
because they support their goals.
Need Satisfaction
Still another reason for joining a group is to satisfy the need for
affiliation. New residents in a community may join the Newcomers Club partially as a
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People sometime join groups in order to engage in certain activities. These young men, for
instance, are playing flag football in a city park. They may or may not have known each other
before their game, and may or may not keep in contact with one another after the game. But for
the moment, they are enjoying a group activity—a game that could not be played without others.
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