People-focused knowledge management

Strategic Perspectives focus on creating and expanding relation-
ships with customers, suppliers, and other stakeholders to create
strategic products and services. Examples include developing
new strategies based on knowledge capabilities, outsourcing
innovation to suppliers, and bartering IC.
Tactical Perspectives focus on exploiting knowledge processes to
achieve more effective enterprise operations. Examples include
ch07.qxd 5/3/04 2:33 PM Page 222

---

People-Focused Knowledge Management in Daily Operations
223
KM-supported innovation to reduce operating costs, reduce time
to market, reduce employee turnover, and to improve quality.
Operational Perspectives focus on creating and fostering general
KM practice and initiating and managing individual knowledge
processes. Examples include implementing KM practices such 
as lessons learned programs, expert networks, and knowledge
landscape mapping.
Knowledge Implementation, Manipulation, and Application 
Perspective focus on manipulating and applying knowledge to
reflect how people, organizations, and inanimate devices deal
with knowledge. Examples include matching knowledge to
thinking style and work requirements and transferring expertise
to other workers.
Selected aspects of the five IC governance and KM perspec-
tive levels are presented in Table 7-1. As the perspectives of people
change with different roles, their perceptions of work scopes also
change from broad and long-term considerations and policies to 
Central
Executive
Societal
Perspective
Strategic
Perspective
Tactical
Perspective
Operational
Perspective
Implementation
and Application