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Exploration of Classroom–Based, Formative



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Exploration of Classroom–Based, Formative 
Assessment of Early (French) Language 
Learners in English Primary Schools
Alison Porter 
 University of Southampton, Great Britain
Foreign language (FL) learning for younger learners, in instructional 
settings, is an international phenomenon and classroom–based assess-
ment is often implied in primary curricula which conform to an objectives 
model of learning, privileging precise skill measurement and, in some 
contexts, formal reporting of outcomes (Shepard, 
).
However, classroom–based, formative assessment of FLs in younger 
learner contexts is problematic. A dearth of empirical evidence relating to 
early, limited input FL settings means that FL policy (and therefore attain-
ment objectives) are often not grounded in empirical evidence and formu-
lated with “limited knowledge and understanding of teaching practices in 
the 
fi
eld of young learners” (Copland & Garton, 
; Garton, Copland 
& Burns, 
: ). This is evident, for example, in England where the Na-
tional Curriculum (
) recommends targets grounded in a four skills 
model (speaking, listening, reading and writing) which are not informed 
by any evidence concerning what might be achievable in the FL in the time 
available. This is further compounded by awareness that assessment of 
early language learning in instructed settings is an under–researched area 
(Mackay, 
) and the tensions which are inherent in assessment oppor-
tunities which are primarily formative but “operate in an accountability 
regime” (Mackay, 
). 
This paper will discuss how teachers, practising in primary school FL 
classrooms, might develop practical and practicable formative assessment 
tools. Whilst this study concerned the teaching and learning of French in 
English primary schools (learners aged –
years; n=
), it nevertheless 
provides some evidence of short–term linguistic outcomes and classroom–
based assessment in early language learning settings. Findings have the 
potential to contribute to the exploration of delivering classroom–based, 
formative language assessment in a range of FL primary school settings.


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