aqarah
says: fa yuzaa’ifahu lahu az aafun
kaseerah: 2:2455 means several times more: surah
Airaaf says zaa ifoon to mean double: 7:38 zeifan: double. 2:265 .
Surah Aali Imran says: la ta’kulur riba az aafan muza aafah: 3:129 ordinarily it is said to
mean do not gain interest after interest: but Raghib says muza afah actually is from za af
not from ziif: therefore the ayat means interest (riba) which you think increases the
money instead decreases it: ***interest decreases a society’s wealth and the man who
gives money on interest loses his capabilities:
*Taj **Muhet ***Raghib
pae 1068
with riba national wealth decreases and weakness upon weakness is created.
Daad, ghain, theh
Za asal hadees: to make a matter distorted or ambiguous: majazas zaghsu: it is said to
mean intermingling of things: saghas sinaam is said when it is difficult to say whether the
camel is fat or lean and one has to see physaically by holding the hump physicsally in the
fist of the hand whether it has some fat or not: therefore ambiguous talk is called
kalaamun zighsun:* plural is az ghaas: the Qur’an says: az ghaasu ahlaam: 12:44 dreams
which have no clear meaning: disturbing dreams.
Zigsun: a fistful of grass, bouquet or branches : a fistful of something: *surah Saad says
in the tale about Hazrat Ayub: khuz biyadika zighsa: 38:44 take a fistful of grass: Ibn
Faaris says az zighsu means a fistful of branches or straws: in ancient medicine, and
today too, many diseases are treated with herbs and leaves of trees: Lissanul Arb says it
also means a little benefit of this world: a handful.
Daad, ghain, nuun
Az zighn: extreme enmity: extreme bias: zaaghan ilaih: he held extreme bias against him:
held extreme enmity: farasa zaaghinu: means a horse which does not trot without being
beaten: istaghanah: he hid that thing under his arm: or took it in his lap*.
The Qur’an says: yukhrijul laahu asghaanahum: 47:37, 47:29 God will oust(remove) their
bias: enmity: or that which they are hiding: that is, will reveal their conspiracies: Ibn
Faaris says that the root basically means to cover something imperfectly: qanatun
zaaghinah: crooked or bent spear: crooked (evil) and covered : az zighn:* means bias
and enmity.
*Taj, Raghib, Muheet **Az zighn also means lap, and the armpit of a camel too; also
means hobby and leaning.
Page 1069
Daad, feh, daal, ain
Az zifdah: az zafdah: plural is zafadih: 7:133: frog *.
Daad, laam, laam,
Ad dallah: surprise: to be surprised: to wander in search of: perplexed, confused: for
something to be hidden and disappear: for different things to be so mixed up that they can
not be separated from each other: as dal lal ma-u fil laban: the water became mixed with
the milk and thus disappeared: for not to be able to think of any argument or reason: to
forget and to lose memory this verb is also used*: * dalaalah: to move away from the
right path: whether intentionally orinadvertently, a little or very much: since one who
loses his way in the desert does not find his destination despite all efforts, therefore for all
efforts to fail is also called dalla saa yah: and since wandering in this way in the desert
means destruction and annihilation at last, the word is also used to mean these:*** also
means to be wasted: to be fruitless: like, zahaba dumuu dillah: his blood was wasted for
nothing: because no compensation (qasaas) or revenge could be taken :* ad dalal: the
water which is under a rock or the shade of a tree and is safe from sunlight: dallani
fulanun: he went out of my hand and I had no power over him*: al madallu: al mudillu:
mirage which in the desert sand shimmers like water*.
When the Prophet Muhammed (before the revelation of the Qur’an) wandered in search
of the Truth, the Qur’an has described that condition as: wawajadaka dalla: 93:7 a
prophet-to-be, even before the prophet hood, is confused and dissatisfied with the wrong
concepts about life: but since the right concepts have not yet been revealed to him,
therefore he wanders in search of the truth: then he gets Guidance from God, and this
wandering comes to an end.
Surah Baqarah uses dalalah against the word ‘huda’: 2:16 in surah Ibrahim, for deeds to
remain without result and efforts to be unsuccessful, is said to be dalaal:
*Taj **Taj, and Ibn Qateebah, in Al Qartain vol.1, page 5 ***Lane.
Page 1070
Surah Kahaf has: dalla sa’yuhim: 18:104 in surah Ibrahim by using this word opposite
sabaat (stability) it has been shown that the word means destruction and annihilation:
14:27 in surah Hijr the result of dalalat has been described as hopelessness and the
deprivation from God’s benevolence: 15:56 surah Airaaf has dallu unna: 7:37 which
means they were lost to us or disappeared: and in surah As sajdah where this saying of
the kuffars has been quoted: a-iza dalalna fil ard: 32:10 it means that will we, after being
wasted and turned to dust (will end ): tadlilun means to waste: to make unsuccessful: to
divert and to put on the wrong path: 105:2 as such dwalleen would refer to those who
instead of the guidance from the wahi, wander like a lost traveler in a barren desert in the
experimental labs of their own guesswork or superstitious sanctities: he wanders the
whole day but the destination eludes him: thus all his efforts are wasted and as a result he
is killed: as against this are the mun’im ilaih: 1:6 thos whose condition is quite the
opposite (i.e. happy).
Surah Baqarah has 2:282 which says that in matters of give and take, two men should be
taken as witnesses and if two men are not available, then one man and two women
should be taken: two women because un tadilla ihdahuma fatuzakkira ihdahumal ukhra:
2:282 if one of them gets confused about some detail, then the other could remind her:
this does not mean that she will forget( as is usually believed) but (because a woman is
more emotional and shy) she may get confused especially if there is a controversy: at
another place in the Qur’an it is said: wahuwa fil khisaami ghaira mubeen: 43:18 she is
unable to be explicit, especially in a controversy in which emotions are certainly flying
around: finer emotions are necessary for a woman’s natural duty, that of bearing children:
therefore this is not a lacunae: although with proper education and training she can retain
these emotions and be outspoken too: 56:37see
heading ain, rah, beh.
Pasge 1071
Daad, miim, rah
Az zum,r: az zumur: to be weak: for the stomach to become so lean as to be seemingly
stuck to the back: zamaral fars: for a horse to be very weak: qazeebun daamir: a dried and
shrunken branch which has lost all freshness: *the Qur’an says: ala kulli daamir: 22:27 on
very weak and lean rides (animals for riding): Raghib says ad daamiru minal faras: means
the lean horse whose leanness is not due to weakness but that due to tough training **:
Adz dameer: dried grape: anything that you hide in your heart: ad marahu: he hid him*:
Ibn Faaris says it has two basic meanings: 1) lean ness and fine ness 2) for something to
hide or be oblivious.
Daad, miim, miim
Adz dumm: to join one thing with another or mix it with another: idtammash shaiyi:
collected something for self: damamtuhu ila sadri: I embraced him*: damma alal maal: he
seized all the wealth**: dumma junahaka unin nas: be kind to people and be soft with
them: *i.e. keep a soft corner for them: Ibn Faaris says it means for two things to be in
agreement :
Surah Tahaa has: wadzmoom yadaka ila janahika takhruj baiza’a min ghiori suu:
20:22and surah Alqasas says: ooslook yadaka fi jayabika takhruj baiza’a min ghairi suu-
inn wad moom ilaika janahaka minar rahb :forthe meaning of yadun baiza-un see heading
yeh, daal, yeh also 7:108, 26:33 and for the meaning of ‘junahun’ see heading jiim, nuun,
hah 28:32 it means that in fear, do not be worried, but remain calm, the way a bird sits
with its feathers around it in a calm moment: and the figurative meaning of 20:22 also
means that in the ensuing event do not be worried and stay calm:
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---page 1072
and continue to relate the bright(or illumimnsating)principles as related to you through
the wahi: you will come out of all difficulties : the enemy will not be able to do you any
harm: the literal meaning of the ayat no. 28:32 however is: put your hand into your shirt,
it will come out white without any bad effect: and you keep your arms around you in fear.
Daad, nuun, kaf
Adz dank: narrow: not wide: adz daneek: a person who is weak in intellect, opinion or
body etc: the servant who works for meals only: rajulun mutadaniun: weak man*:
The Qur’an says any individual or nation which will ignore the laws of God will: fa inna
lahu maeeshatan danka: 20:124 their economies will be constricted : will become narrow:
obviously the nations which are ignoring the laws of God (i.e. not abiding by them [ and
the muslims are in the forefront of such nations] are avoiding God’s laws: this is such an
evident and obvious example and leaves no room for doubt.
Daad, nuun, nuun
Danna bishaiyin yadann: to be miserly with favorite things: adz daneen: the man who is
miserly with fine things: ad dinn: the thing with which miserliness is practised **which is
preserved.
The Qur’an says about the prophet Muhammed SAW : wama huwa alal ghaibi bidaneen:
81:24 whatever he receives as wahi, he is not miserly with making it known to all: he
gives to anyone who wants it : wants to know about it:
Daad, heh, yeh (alif)
Adz dahya: a woman who can neither bear a child nor menstruates: or who has very small
breasts and looks like a man (flat chested):
*Taj, Muheet, Raghib **Taj
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Page 1073
Zahahu muzahah wazahahu: muzaaha’ah: means he became like: became similar to:
huwa Zahiyok: he resembles you*: Ibn Faaris says the word basically means for one
thing to be similar to another:
The Qur’an says: yuzahi-oona qaulal lazeena kafaru min qab: 9:30 they talk like them
(like their ilk): who before them adopted the path of kufr (denial): these are all of the
same color.
Daad, waw, alif
Zaa-un or Zu-un: light : illumination: (as said under the heading nuun, waw, rah):
Zamkhishri says that zau-un is a stronger word than nurun (although both have the same
meaning): zau un means somebody’s personal light and nuur means the light gained from
somebody else: ** probably this is why: shamsun (the sun’s) light has been called zia-un
while the qamarun (the moon’s) light has been called nurun: 10:5 but the Qur’an has used
one word in place of another: as for example the Torah has at one place been called nuur:
5:44 and at another place it has been called zia: 21:4Aza’a means to illuminate: falamma
aza-ut ma haulahu: 2:17 when it illuminated the environment: it also means to be
illuminated: yukaadu zaituha yuzee: 24:35 its oil (is heated up) that it is near being
aighted or lighted
Daad, waw, zah (daiz)
Daazan fulanun haqqahu: he lessened his rights: qismatun deeza: that unjust division in
which somebody is made to bear a loss: the division which is not just: ad duwaazah: that
piece (fibre) of a miswaak (a brush of the desi kind which is actually a branch of a tree)
which is stuck into the teeth:*
*Taj and Muheet **Taj
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page 1074
even this bit less is oppressive and not right: Ibn Faaris says that this root’s basic
meanings are: 1) to be crooked (bent) 2) loss or decrease.
The noble Qur’an says: tilka izan qismatun daiza: 53:22 this division then is a very unjust
division.
Daad, yeh, rah
Ad dair: means harm: dara wa sarrah also mean this: i.e. to impart harm or loss or hurt
someone:* the Qur’an says: la daira: 26:50 there is no harm: there is nothing wrong with
it.
Daad, yeh, ain
Daa: yadeeh: dai-a: to be killed or wasted: da-ash shamsi: the thing was left as it was and
it was not looked after: daa’al ayaal: the family was left untrained , they were not brought
up properly and they were left on their own: taraktuhu bidee’ah: I left him without
looking after him: ad diyah (is the plural of Dayah): things which are not looked after and
they are thus wasted: ***ad dai’ah: also means property because if it is not kept open for
the benefit of mankind then it is at last wasted:
Surah Baqarah says: wama kaanal laahu li yudee’ah eemanakum: 2:143 God is not one to
leave your eeman be, and not look after them to be wasted unattended: and without
producing any result: surah Maryam says that after the prophets such people were born
who: ada-us salata wat taba-ush shaiwaat: 19:59 they did not care about the system of
salaat and left it unattended and started pursuing their own thoughts and desires:
Daad, yeh, feh
Ad daid: means guest: is singular and plural both***: surah Hoodh says: la tukhzooni fi
deefi: 112:78 here deef has come to mean the plural.
*Taj **Taj, Muheet, Raghib ***Taj and Muheet
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page 1075
Daafa ilaih: he leaned towards him: leaned towards: bent: became close to: dayya-if: to
host: * to make one your guest.
Surah Kahaf says: fa abau un yudayyifu huma: 18:77 they refused to host them: almu-
daaf: sanctuary: towards which somebody is made to lean: the man who is encircled by
the enemy from all sides: Ibn Faaris says the basic meaning of the root is to lean towards.
Daad, yeh, qaf
Daaq: yadeeq:deeqan: to be frustrated: to be bothered: dayyaq: to bother: ad deequ wad
daiq: constriction: this is the opposite of ush sahrh: therefore to comprehend its right
meaning see heading shiin, rah, hah: these two roots
These two roots (i.e. in 9:126 have appeared opposite each other: dayyiq: 6:126 narrow:
daiq: 16:127 constriction: da-iq: that which is constricted or narrow: 11:12 the
connotations of sorrow and sadness are found in them: daaqa bihim dar’ah: 11:77 for
their protection he foundf his capability to be inadequate: became shorthanded: daaqat
alaihimul ard: 9:118 the earth became narrow for them: wa daaqat alihim anfusahum:
9:118 they became tired or bothered of themselves: surah Talaaq says: wala tudar ru
hunna li tudaiyyiqu alihin: 65:6 do not bother them.
*Taj and Muheet.
Page 1076
T h A
Taloot
Taloot was made the commander by God of the Bani Israel forces that were going to
meet Jaloot’s challenge: he had knowledge as well as bodily strength: and these two
things are required in a commander: his appointment was opposed by the Bani Israel
because they said he was not wealthy: i.e. he was not from among the aristocrats: to this
God had replied that a commander’s qualities are knowledge of warfare and strength, not
wealth and riches : 2:247
Muheet says hat it is an Ajmi word and not Arabic in origin*: Raghib also supports this.
Tha, beh, ain
At tab-u: Ibn Faaris says that this root is used metaphorically for the extreme end of a
thing , i.e. the place where the thing can reach the farthest and ends there: for a glass to be
filled to the brim is called taba’a: at taba’a means to seal: Abu Ishaq says that tab’a and
khatam mean the same thing: i.e. to close something and cover it and to make certain that
nothing else can enter it: taba’tul mikyaal: I filled the cup to the brim and now nothing
else can be contained in it: **but Raghib says that tab’a is more common than khatam
and more particular than naqsh: **at tabi-u wat tabi-u is the branding iron with which
goats etc are branded:
*Muheet **Taj
page 1077
At tiba’a: molding: printing: at tabba’a: one who does molding work: actually when a
thing is molded or first made then it is called at tab’a : The Qur’an says: fatubeya ala
qulubehim fahum la yafqahoon: 63:3 their hearts were sealed which resulted in their
being unable to think right: khatamal laahhu ala qulubehim: 2:7 (see heading ghain, teh,
miim): when a man due to dogmatism, and doggedness adopts a way of being biased then
he loses the faculty of thinking or deciding rightfully and he becomes unable to reach a
reasonable conclusion: this is what has been described by the Qur’an as hearts and minds
being sealed and it has been clearly stated that this happens due to man’s own doings in,
fact, this way itself becomes the seal: raana ala qulubehim ma kaanu yaksiboon: 83:14
their deeds were like rust on their hearts: those wrong deeds which are done willingly
(and not coercibly or under some sompiulsion): 16:106-108 become like rust on their
hearts and minds.
Tha, beh, qaf
At tabaq: the lid on anything which fits: tabbaqahu tatbiqah: he covered it: fantabaq: thus
he was covered: at tabaqu min kulli shaiyi: anything which is equal to another thing or
according to it: tabaqahu mutabaqantan wa tibaaqah: he became equal and according to
him: at tabaq: earth: tray or big plate on which food is served: a century or an era:
condition: almutabaqah: to be according to or in agreement with: for a horse to walk in
such a way as the hind steps follow the front foot marks: a chained man’s walk: his steps
are very equal in size: almutabaqah bainash shaiyeen: to make two things according to
one another or to place them one top of another:
The Qur’an says: al lazi khalaqa sab’a samawatin tibaaqa: 67:3 this means in accordance
with one another: surah Inshiqaaq says about the evolutionary stages of man: lataraka
buunna tabaqan un tabaq: 84:19
*Taj
page 1078
you will continue to progress from one stage to another: you will keep going up through
different stages: or humanity itself will continue to rise layer by layer: history is the name
of these layers: also see heading rah,. kaf, beh.
Tha, hah, yeh ( waw)
Taha: yatha: tahya: to spread something: to spread out or lay out: also to spread: to be
laid out: at taahi: a thing spread out on the ground or floor: the thing which permeates
everything with its abundance: mazannatun taahiya: a big shed that is spread out:
alqamarut taahi: a high moon whose moonlight is spreading everywhere: *the Qur’an
says: wal arda wama tamhaha: 91:6 the earth and the thing which has been laid out or
spread it: i.e. the different stages through which the earth’s fiery globe passed and
became habitable.
Tha, rah, hah
Tarah: yatrah: tarhaa: to throw away: to remove: at tirh: a thing that has been thrown and
which no one wants: dyarun tawarih: a distant town or city: at tarah: distance : a distant
place: qausun tarooh: the bow which shoots an arrow afar: tarafun mitrah: the eye that
sees farahead**: foresight.
The Qur’an says that Hazrat Yusuf’s brothers said (discussed among themselves): kill
Yusuf and : awaitrahuhu ardaa: 12:9 or send him to a distant land.
Tha, rah, daal
At tard: to distance (remove) somebody thinking him to be lowly: oust: taradtuhu: I
ousted him: at tareedah: the camels who are frightened away in an attack: or stolen
camels: that prey which is hunted: atradahus sultaan: the king exiled him: istatradalahu:
he feigned retreat but had actually fallen back so that he could regroup and attack again:
***Muheet writes that in the terminolgy of the Christians, to punish someone in religious
maters is called at tard****.
*Taj and kitaabal ashqaaq **Taj, Muheet, Raghib ***Taj and Raghib ****Muheet.
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Page 1079
The Qur’an says: wala tatrudil lazeena yad-oona rabbahum : 6:52 those who call on their
Sustainer, do not keep them away from you thinking them to be lowly: the same people
have been referred to by Hazrat Nooh as : wama ana bitaaridil momineen: 26:114 I will
not turn those momineen away from me as they are lowly (not aristocratic):
In a non-Qur’anic society the criterion for being close or distant is dependant on someone
being rich or poor and aristocracy: but in a Qur’anic socierty the criterion is the
unanimity of views: (the unanimity of idealogy): there is no discrimination here about
rich or poor: this is what could not be comprehended by those who were invited to this
revolutionary program: they used to contend that : should we by accepting this program
be one of those who we think to bew lowly in society? Therefore they demanded of the
Prophet SAW to distance him from them, then they would come and accept the program:
they were told that the criterion here was some other: I cannot, the prophet had told them,
distance or remove those whose hearts are full of eemaan because of you: values in this
system change completely: here the most precious are the ones who believe on the truth
of high values of life , sincerity and good deeds (and not just riches and wealth or
position) :
Tha, rah, feh
At tarf: means sight: eye: * Ibn Faaris says that there are two basic meanings of this root
1) the edge of something 2) for any limb to move: actually it appears for the eye to bat a
lid: Raghib says that ‘at tarf’ means to bat the eyelids: this has led to the word meaning to
see also: *surah Namal says: qabla un yartadda ilaika turfuka: 27:40 before you can bat
an eye lid: i.e. very soon: surah Shoora says: yanzuroona min tarfin khafiyyi: 42:45 to see
from the corner of the eye: at tarf also means the edge of anything where it ends: last
frontier: *the Qur’an says: tarafin nahaar: 11:114 and atrafan nahaar: 20:130 .
Atraaful ard: the elite of the country*: * at tarf: a gentleman: horse of good breed: a man
of high descent:
*Taj **Taj and Saha wal Bustaan.
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page 1080
Surah Raad says: awalum yarau anna naatil arda tanqusuha min atraafiha:13:41 do they
not see that we are (slowly and gradually) reducing (economic resources and the
fontainheads of Sustenance [rizq] from these big people who are currently dominating
them? The Qur’an had foretold about fifteen hundred years back that the resources of the
world which have been seized by the powerful people will gradually go out of their hands
and become the property of society and a Qur’anic society will use these resources for
mankind: 21:44 has this truth more explicitly.
Tarfun also means a group or party (Qamoos): or the part of some thing (Aqrabal
Muuwaarid): at tarf: also means selected thing*: in surah Al Imraan this word has
appeared to mean this: tarafan minal lazeena kafaru: 3:126 a part of them or one of their
groups: it may also mean the big leaders of the kuffaar (deniers) (as mentioned above).
At tarq actually means to hit: to hit with a hammer: to hit clearly: at tarq: al mitraq:
almitraqatah: the stick with which the wool is hit to separate its fibre: also hammer: at
tarq, at turuq: to come at night : at tariq: one who comes at night: it is called at tariq
because it has to knock (at night): Raghib says tariq alo means a passer by specially a
traveller who arrives at night: stars are also called at tariq because they shine or come out
at night: *the Qur’an says: was samai wat taariq: 86:1 Ibn Faaris says the root has four
meanings 1) to come in the evening 2: to hit 3) for something to be loose 4) to sew
something with some other thing.
At tuirqah: the path leading to something: tareeqah: habit: the way: at tareeq: at tareeqah:
plural is at tara-iq:
*Taj **Taj, Muheet, Raghib
page 1081
Surah Taha says: fazrib lahum tareeqan fil bahri yabasaa: 20:77 then take them by the dry
path in the sea: here tareeq means path: it also means the elite which are not a good
example for others: ha ulayi tareeqatu qaumihi wa tara-iqu qaumihim: these are the elite
of the nation: mitraaqush shaiyi: a sample or example of a thing:* Surah Taha says that
the leaders of the nation said about Hazrat Ibrahim and Hazrat Haroon: yazhaba
bitariqatikumul mislaa: 20:63 they want to destroy your very good religion: or to destroy
the elite of your society: the same surah says further ahead: amsaluhum tariqah: 20:104
one who adopts the best way: surah Djinn says: lau istaqaamu alat tareeqah: 72:17 if they
stuck to the right path: a little earlier it is said: kunna tara-iqa qidada: 72:11 we were on
different paths: had different beliefs.
At tareeqah: the things which are interlinked: al mataareeq are the camels which walk
behind each other in a line: attaraqatal ibl: the camels walked behind each other:
attaraqatil ard: the soil climbed over soil: attiraaq: the upper part of a shoe which is sewn
by putting it over lower part: *Qur’an says: walaqad khalaqna fauqakum sab –a tara-
iq:b23:17 here taraiq may also mean different setions of society : i.e. the heavenly bodies
which are one above the other : or the heavenly bodies which are orbiting behind each
other.
Tha, rah, yeh (waw)
At tariyyu: new: soft an fresh: tarrial lahum wutaru wa tarawah: for the meat to be tender
and fresh **the Qur’an says that the sea has lahman tariya: 16:14 fresh meat like fish etc.
Tha, ain, miim
At tuaam: when it is said by itself then it means wheat or date: otherwise it means every
thing that is eaten and which nurtures a human body:
*Taj **Taj and Raghib
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page1082
At tu’amah: a thing to eat: rizq: earning a living: ta’amnush shaiyi: the taste of the thing:
ta-ima and tuta-am: means to taste: *ta-ima means he ate his fill: ta-imun means who has
eaten or has a full stomach: also one who does not need or has no needs: *Ibn Faaris says
this is its basic meaning.
At tu-am: right and power: ta-ima ilaih: he had the power to * The Qur’an has tu-aam
2:61 to mean an eatable: and in 2:249 to mean drink or taste: at-aum: 106:4 he fed:
istat’ama 18:77 he asked for food.
Its general meaning is every kind of thing for sustenance: wala yuhuddu ala tu-aamil
miskeen: 107:3 means not only to feed food: it means to provide the means of their living:
or to make them have no more need for those who become incapacitated or who can not
live a normal life.
Surah Ma’idah says: uhilla lakum saidul bahri wa tu-aamuhu: 5:96 it is taken to mean the
animals in the water that you hunt or those which the sea itself throws out are ‘halaal’:
(Ibn Jareer) the Bustaan also says so: Taj says that which is left behind by the receding
sea is ‘tu-aamul behr’: Lissanul Arb says Tu-aamil behr means all those living things that
are dependant for their life on the sea:
Tha, ain, nuun
Ta-a-nahu bir rumhi yat-un: means speared him: spiked him with a spear: n* ta-ana feeh:
to find faults in somebody: to be satirical*: ta-anaa fid deen: 4:46 to find faults in Deen:
criticisin: be satirical.
Tha, ghain, yeh (waw)
Tagha: to be out of limits: that is why flooding of the river water or coming out of its
banks is called tughyaan : atgha: made him cross the limit: or limit breaker;
*Taj
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page 1083
instigated him to mutiny: made him rebellious: at taaghi: one who goes out of limits and
breaks the law: plural is at taghoon and at taagheen: taghya is a mountain difficult to
climb: taaghia: oppressive and proud, and foolish and harsh: also means severe lightning
and dangerous storm : taghwa means rebelliousness and breaking the limits:* the word
taaghoot has come from this: which is used for any limit breaker or any baatil : also for
someone who detracts from the right path and puts on the wrong one: **Johri says that it
means the leader of the rebels : *Zajaaj says that any thing aside from God if worshipped
is taghhoot: i.e. every ungodly force.*
The Qur’an says: about the Firoun: innahu taagha: 20:43 that is, he has become very
rebellious: fi tughyaanihim yaamahoon: 2:15 here tughyaan means rebellious: and in
78:22 littaagheen has been used to mean the rebellious.
The Qur’an has used the word taaghoot against God at many places: which explains the
meaning i.e. every non-Godly force and system: any force that rebels against God’s law:
faman yakfur bit taaghooti wa yumin billah: 2:256 has this meaning clearly: i.e. the one
who believes in God and refuses to accept any non Godly system or law: la ilaha illal
laah has this meaning too: at another place the same thing has been said as: ubudul laaha
wajtanibut taghoot: 16:36 : 4: 76 says: al lazeena aamanu yuqaateloona fi sabeelil laahi
wal lazeena yuqateloona fi sabeelit taaghoot: here sabilil laah and sabilit taaghoot has
clarified that taaghoot means every non Godly power and system: those who fight for
establishing a non Godly or taaghooti system, have been called auliaish shaitaan(friends
of the devil): 4:76 and this also shows that taaghoot and shaitaan mean the same thing: it
has been further explained by saying: yuridoona un yatahaakamu ilat taaghoot; 4:60 these
people want their decisions to be made by non Godly forces: this shows that shaitaan and
taaghoot are not merely mental concepts but taaghoot means all those rulers, the courts,
those governments, those systems, which decide not according to God’s laws but
according to other laws.
*Taj, Muheet, Lissan
page 1084
To refer to them is refusal to obey God and worship of the non-Godly: those who
strengthen such systems are auliyaush shaitaan: i.e. friends of non Godly authority.
Surah Haaqah says lama tagha al’ma’a: 69:11` when the flood came: in 69:5 at taghiyah
has appeared to mean severe lightning which had killed the Samood nation: but this azaab
was due to their rebelliousness: in surah Shams it is said: kazzabat samoodu bitaghwaha:
91:11 the Samood rejected the truth due to their rebelliousness: surah Najam says about
the Prophet SAW of God: ma zaaghal basaru wama tagha:: 53:17 his eye neither moved
away from the right place nor transgressed its limit: that is, the prophet guides according
to the wahi perfectly but up[to the point that God wants: he can not go beyond that point:
as against other human beings: the prophet’s knowledge (due to wahi) is very vast: but
against the knowledge of God it is limited: God gives the prophet the amount of
knowledge as He deems necessary: the prophet can not go beyond it.
Tha, feh, ali
Tafi-atin naar: wantafaat: the flame of the fire subsided and the fired cooled down: atfa-
annaar: he doused the fire: atfa naaral herb: he doused the fire of war* : the Qur’an says:
kullama au qadoo naaran lil herbi atfa’a hallaah: 5:64 whenever they fan the flames of
war, God douses them: metaphorically, atfas’al fitnah means calming down passions or
flames: **scholars say when the flames of the fire are no more but its ambers are still hot
and glowing, then the fire is called khamidah: but when the flames cool down and the
ambers are cooled too, then it is called haamidah and ta’efah: *
*Taj **Muheet
page 1085
Raghib says: yuridoona un yutfe-u noorullah: 9:32 means they want to put out the light of
God: and yuridoona liyutfe-u noorullah: 61:11 means they want to adopt a strategy
wherby they can put out God’s light: *but God will certainly complete his ‘noor’ or light
and this will be done by His system overwhelming all other systems : liyuzheru alad dini
kullihh: 61:9, 9:33.
Tha, feh, feh
At tafeef: a little thing: incomplete thing: useless or insignificant thing: at tufaafah: that
much space as is left in filling a vessel: taifun naaqatah yatuffuha: he tied the camel’s
legs: ataffatin naaqah: the (she) camel gave birth to an incomplete progeny: taffafal
mikyaal: he did not fill the cup completely: shortened it*.
The Qur’an says: wai lul lil mutaffi feen: 83: there is destruction for the mutaf fa feen :
mutaf fi feen are those, as explained in the next two ayats, who take full measure while
taking, but while giving shorten the measure: 83:2,3 the Qur’an has said this results in
destruction and annihilation: this is the description of a society in which the capitalists
and the ruling class do not give full returns for the labor of others; instead, they live it up
at the expense of others: in a capitalist system no one is given the full return for his labors:
if full compensation is paid, then what will the capitalist get? The capitalist tries to give
the laborers the lowest possible and keeps the maximum possible for himself: this is what
maintains capitalism: the Qur’an calls this as tatfeef and says this system will result in
destruction: this word also hints at (like tying the legs of the camel) that the capabailities
of the workers are never realized and they remain stilted, incomplete, and shackled : as
such tatfeef would mean not only inequity but it would also include respect for humanity:
*Raghib **Taj and Raghib.
Page 1086:
In whatever way respect for humanity is lowered is tatfeef: a society in which human
respect is lessened or he is not respected as a human being , that is a society of mutfafeen
and its result is destruction.
Tha, feh, qaf
Tafiqa yaf-alu kaza: he started doing it: this is said when a man starts doing something
and remains engaged in it: tafiqal mauzih: he remained stolid at that place and did not
movefrom there*:
The Qur’an says: watakhefa yakhsefaan … 7:22 they started to do so.
Tha, feh, laam
At tafl: any soft and delicate thing: taful: tafalah: tafulah: to be soft and delicate: at tifl:
any small thing: child: plural is ‘itffaal’: 44:59 tifl is also used as a plural: Raghib says a
child is tifl till he is soft and delicate: **the Qur’an says: summa nukhrijukum tifla:
22:5then create you (give birth to you) as a child.
Tha, laam, beh
At talab: the wish to have something: in such a way that one has to strive to get it: *** or
the search or struggle to find something****: to be in search of something and to get it:
talabna ilaih: he asked him for it: kal-un mutlib: grass that is far from the water and one
has to strive to get to it: um mu tilbah: eagle: this incorporates both, the sense of distance
and search.*
Surah Kahaf says: falan tasti-ah lahu talaba:h
ere talab means to get it after searching:
surah Hajj says: at taalib wal mutloob: 22:73 the one who demands ands who is
demanded.
*Taj and Muheet **Taj and Raghib and Ibn Faaris ***Muheet ****Raghib.
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Page 1087
Tha, laam, hah
At talh: means a tall tree under whose shade people rest: it has few leaves and thorns
aplenty: the tree which is used to feed camels: but Abu Ishaq says that it means banana
tree: talhun also appears to mean the same tas tala: see tha, laam, ain : rajulun taalih:
means a bad man who has no goodness: it is opposite swaleh: baeerun tilh: tired , and
weak camel: but at talah: means benevolence: *Ibn Faaris says it basically means 1) a
kind of tree 2) weakness and feebleness.
The Qur’an says while talking about jannat or heaven: talhin munzood: 56:29 row upon
row of banana tree.
Tha, laam, ain
Tala’a tulu’a: to appear: become evident: (of the sun etc)*’: 20:130 matlaun and matle-un:
the place to appear or rise: 18:90 or the time to erise: it is also a noun i.e. it a.so means to
apper: and be evident: surah Qadar uses it to mean the time of sunrise: 97:5 tala’al jabal:
he climbed the mountauin: ittala aslal amr: he came to now something or became aware
of: Isma-ee says that muttala means the ladder wehich is used forcxlimbing: *** ittala
ilaih: means he climbed up and looked below : muttali means one who so looks down:
37:54, 55: Fra says ittila and bulugun mean the same: i.e. to reach somebody: 28:38
tattali-u alal af’eda: 104:7 which reaches (touches the heart: ittala’a ala baatibihi: came to
know his internal condition*: attulu: to appear whith aplomb and respect: *nakhlatun
muitli-ah: the date palm which is taller than the date palmsd around it**: attaali-u: the
arrow which misses the target and hits above it*atla’ahu alal amr: informed himof the
matter: 3:1778
*Taj and Muheet **Muheet ***Taj
page 1088
at tal-u:
Tha, lam, qaf
Talaq: became free: talaq til mar’atu min zaujeha: the woman separated from her husband:
atlaqal aseer: freed the prisoner: naaqatun taaliq: a camel without a lead: at taliqah: the
camel which is let free to roam and eat and drink from where it will: attalqu: a deer
(which is free): a camel which is not imprisoned i.e. owned by someone: lisaanun tuluq:
wutlaqin: sharp tongue: mutlaq is the opposite of muqayyad (imprisoned): *
Surah Kahaf says fantalaqaha: 18:71 both o them left : wantalaqal mala-u : 38:6 the big
leaders (with alacrity) began to say: Hazrat Moosa said to God: layan taliqu lisaani: 26:13
my tongue will not move freely or easily: (perhaps because of staying so long in the
deserts and jungles he thought he would not be able to speak so freely in the Pharaoh’s
court).
Raghib says tallaq means to free someone from some bondage or to deliver: then it came
to be used for a husband to let a wife go free of nikah (wedlock): 2:227 tallaq means to
give tallaaq: 2:236 mutallaqah: a divorced woman: the plural is mutallaqaat: 2:241.
According to the Qur’an, nikaah is a willing pact between an adult man and woman: see
heading nuun, kaf, hah: therefore if a situation arises in which they cannot live peacefully
together then this pact can be broken: the Qur’an has given explicit instructions as to how
this pact can be abrogated : but as is the custom with us that a man cam as per his whims
can say thrice the word talaaq, talaaq, talaaq and the nikah is broken :
*Taj and Muheet
page 1089
thereafter this pair can not live together until the woman marries another man (or
commits halalah) and sleeps with him one night, otherwise it isthought to be against the
Qur’an.
At talaqun martaan: for its Qur’anic meaning see heading miim, rah, rah: here it will
suffice to say that a man will say the word ‘tallaaq’ when a man and wife be actually free
from the bondage of nikah: the intention to divorce or its initial stages will not be called
talaaq or divorce.
Here one must note that for one the word tallaaq has come from the word talqa which
means to be free: secondly this word has tallaq as the noun which means to set free: the
Qur’an seems to think that to abrogate a nikah is not just a matter between man and wife:
one has to refer to the court in this connection: the decision for divorce is given by the
court: this way talaaq meaning to set free seems most appropriate.
Tha, laam, laam
Attal: light rain: a shower: rather the dew which is witnessed in open air: *2:265 attalah:
happiness: pleasure: beauty: freshness: life’s pleasantness*.
Ibn Faaris says that its basic meaning is 1) freshness and softness and delicacy: 2) to peep
3) to make something baatil: attul means light rain because it lends freshness to land.
Tha, miim, theh
At-tams: means to touch: haaza jamalun ma tamasahu hablun qat: this is a camel who no
rope has touched (that is, it has always been free of ropes): tamasal mar’ah: he wasted
the woman’s: some have said it means intercourse: attamsu : also means accusation, dirt,
and chaos*.
*Taj**Taj, Muheet, Raghib.
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page 1090
about the women’s honor(purity) in a jannati (heavenly) society has been said: lum
yatmis hunna insun qablahum wala jann: 55:56 they have been untouched by any djinn or
human being: how satisfactory the feeling can be that the girl I am wedding is a virgin.
Tha, miim, siin
Tasmas: means was obliterated: it traces too were obliterated: tamastuhu tamsa: I
obliterated him: removed even his traces : surah Nisaa says qabla un natmisa wujuha:
4:47 before we obliterate their big people (elite): destroy them**: surah Yunus says:
rabbanat mis ala amwalihim: 10:88 destroys their wealth.
Tamees: mutmoos: blind: one who sees nothing: *in surah Qamar it is said about the
nation of Luut: fatmasna aayonihim: 54:27 from the volcanoes of Sadom such sulphurous
fire and ash was emitted that they went blind: it could also mean going blind due to
emotions: see 36: 66 surah Murselaat says: faizan najumu tumist: 77:8 when the stars lose
their light.
Tha, miim, ain
Tama: Raghib says it means for human desire to lean towards something*: *it has both
elements, that of greed and hope: Ibn Faaris says it means for the heart to hope strongly
for something: almatmah: that thing which is hoped for or desired: the thing which
catches the eye*: therefore it also means that bird which is placed on the net so that other
birds are also attracted towards it (and get caught in the net):***
*Taj **Raghib ***Lane.
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Page 1091
In the Qur’an, this word has appeared against haufun :13:12 khaufun means the feeling of
loss: therefore tama-un is the hope of profit or gain: surah Mu’aarij says: a-yatma-u
jullum riyin minhum: 70:38 does every man in them have this desire: summa yatma-u un
azeed: then he also expects me to keep increeasing it.
Tha, miim, miim
Tammal ma-u batumm: the water covered something and engulfed it: tammas sailur
rakiyyah: the flood filled the well and made it level*: tammal biyr: filled the well with
mud and leveled it (Ibn Faaris): tammat tairush shajar: the bird sat on the high part of the
tree: altimmu: the sea: water galore: at tamma: the sound of a shrik which engulfs
everything*.
The Qur’an has at tammatal kubra :79:43 to mean the great revolution: that is, the
moment of doom which will engulf everything like the flood: the event which levels the
high and the low may also be called tammah:
Tha, miim, nuun (taman)
Attamm immobile: unmoving: fihi tatamun: it has peace and grandeur: ** surah Baqarah
says Hazrat Ibraim asked God how he raised the dead? Allah asked him whether he
did ,not believe this? He answered ‘bala’ , yes, the belief or faith is there but: walakad
yatma-inna qalbi: 2:260 I want to know for certain: this shows the real meaning of
‘itminaan’: that is, the belief from the heart which is due to seeing with own eyes: which
is the result not merely of reasoning but of observation and experience: this is why the
Qur’an has declared itminaani qalb’ to be the oppsosite of ‘ikraah’: 16:106 ‘ikraah’
means to get something accepted by force: see heading kaf, rah, heh: thus ‘itminaani
qalb’ would mean to accept something with the bottom of the heart that is, with full
willingness:
*Taj **Raghib Muheet
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page 1092
the same surah Nahal describes a little ahead ‘amn’ and itminaan’ separately:16:112
although for ‘itminaan’ the presence of ‘amn’ has been described as necessary: 2:103 this
shows that if there is ‘amn’ (fearlessness) or peace in the country then hearts also have
‘itminaan’: ‘amn’ is the name of being safe from external dangers: but ‘itminaan’ is that
condition in which a man is safe from internal struggle or confusion and this is obtained
not by escaping the truth but by knowledge and reality: this is the condition of a human
personality which has been called ‘jannat’ : 89:27 but this has been made absolutely clear
that this can not be possible through hermitage or monasticism: this can only be obtained
by living within the society: that is why it is said: fadkhuli fi ibaadi, wadkhuli jannati:
89:29, 30 the first condition for entering ‘jannat’ (heaven) is that man be among other
humans : and they all live according to God’s laws: ala yazkirillaaha tatma-innal qulub:
13:28 understand this well that real ‘itminaan’ (peace of mind) can only be had through
God’s laws: see heading dhal, kaf, rah: which will explain clearly that zikrillah is not to
repeat Allah,. Allah over and over again, it means to keep God’s laws before one all the
time : and the first result of which is the abundance of rizq (sustenance): 16:112 if peace
of mind is the ultimate aim of life, (according to every individual), then there will be no
distinction between good and evil: when a robber or con man kills someone and then
atones at the altar of the kali devi or some other god then he gets solace which is no less
than one who believes in God: therefore life’s destiny is not peace of mind: (which is
usually close to one’s wishes): the ultimate aim in life is to create a society in which
every decision is made according to justice and fairplay and so every individual gets
peace of mind.
Mutmayineen: 17:95 those who live in peace.
Tha, heh, rah
Attharah: basically means for something to be free of dirtiness:* :Ibn Faris says it means
cleanliness and the removal of dirt:
*Taj
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-page 1093
Taj says that ‘taharahu’ : taharah also means to remove him: or distance him.
The Qur’an says about Hazrat Isa : wa-mutahirruk minal lazeena kafaru: 3:54 God will
distance you from these people (who deny the truth you present) and take you away:
‘tatheer’ means to cleanse something of impurities and make it pure: ‘taahir’ means pure
and clean: mutah-hirah is more intense than taahirah: that is, very pure: tahoor means a
thing from which purity is obtained: or it means a pure thing which makes other things
pure too: the Qur’an describes rainwater as ma-un tahoora: 25:28 because it itself is also
from distillation but also cleans other things: tuhrun: the period or time when the woman
is free of menstruation: when a woman is free of menstruation, according to Ibnul Airaabi,
it is said to be taharat: and when a woman has bathed(after the menstruation has stopped)
it is called ‘tatah harat: * the Qur’an says: wala taqrabu hunna hatta yat-hurna fa iza tatah
harna fatu’ hinna….: 2:222 then it has this fine difference.
The Qur’an has used the word ‘taharat’ to mean not only bodily purity but purity of heart
and mind: surah Amaida says: lum yuridillahu un yutah hir qulubahum: 5:41 it is the
evidence of purity of the heart: surah Waaqi-ah says: la yamassuhu illal mutah harun:
56:79 that means , only those believe in the Qur’an’s truths , only those can comprehend
them, who are externally and internally pure: who come to it with the purity of heart and
eye: who are the owners of a moderate mind and heart: who free their minds of all
persosal whims and leanings and their hearts of all personal desires and leanings, and
*Taj
page 1094
want to comprehend it: if the mind is the dwelling of non Qur’anic conceptions and
adulterated with selfish interests, then the truths related in the Qur’an can not be
comprehended: see heading miim, siin, siin: those who are aware of safety from the
destruction and impurities of life, are called muttaqeen : and it is the muttaqeen whom the
Qur’an guides: hudal lil muttaqeen: 2:2 this is the basic condition.
Rajulun taahirus siyaab means a man who is very pure:* the Arabs usually use the word
siyaab to mean personality or character: *wa siyabaka fatah hir :74:4 would mean to
eradicate all lowly thoughts from one’s mind and make himself the embodiment of
purity: if siyaab is taken to mean invitation then the phrase would mean that you must
keep your revolutionary invitation prue of all such people whose heads and hearts are not
pure: only those who can purify their heads and minds from all non Godly thoughts and
concepts can be included in this invitation : also, no wrong concept should be able to be
included in this invitation: for the meaning of siyaab see heading theh, waw, beh:
In surah Ahzaab the family of the Prophet SAW has been told: wa utah hirku tatheera:
33:33 We will keep you away from all accusations and grant you purity of head and
heart.
The trained and puritan companions of a heavenly society are called azwaajun mutah hira:
2:25 this includes the wives as well as other companions: see heading zha, waw, jiim.
Tha, waw, daal
At taud: high mountain: high sand dune: attaad: heavy and stable thing which is stable in
its place: taadash shaiy-u: the thing became static at one place: bina-un muntaad: high
building**.The Qur’an says kat taudil azeem: 29:63 that is, like a big rock or dune.
*Muheet **Taj and Raghib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
page 1095:
Tha, waw, rah
At tuur: green mountain: if the mountain is not green it is not called tuur:*Ibn Faaris says
that it means for a thing to be long and grow whether it is concerned with place or time:
and a mountain is called tuur because of its growth, and its increase in height,: at tuur is
the name of a mount near Ailah: which is a.also salled Saina or Sineen (Sinai) *: 95:2,
23:20 the invitation of Hazrat Moosa began from that mount: at the foot of this very
mount the Bani Israeel made a pact with Hazrat Moosa regarding his invitation: 2:63
Attaur: times: tauran baa’dataur : the second time after one time: the second time: also
that which is equal to something : tuur also means this: atwaar: different limits or kinds:
different stages or conditions or estimates:* the Qur’an says: qad khalaqakum atwaara:
71:14 God has passed you through different stages before taking you to the human stage:
i.e. your creation has been made by passing you through different stages: or you have
been created on different conditions: taraa bihi (yatoor) means to be close: **
Tha, waw, ain
Ta’a means for something to become wider or vast: ta’a lahul marta’au : the grazing field
became wider for it and he grazed where he wanted *this brings the basic meaning of
‘ata’at’ before us: that is to accept a thing with a wideness of the heart: the Qur’an has
used tu-an againsat karha: 41:11 : karha means to do something under coercion or
unwillingly: as such tu-an would mean to do something willingly and with liking and
vastness of the heart: atan nakhl means the dates ripened*: (there in no need to use force
to pluck them because they are themselves ready to be plucked): ‘ata’a’ means to follow
an order willingly: and ta’awa’ahu means to be in agreement with him*: Ibn Faaris says it
basically means to be attached to some one and become obedient.
*Taj **Muheet
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page 1096
Istatah: Raghib says it means for all the forces, capabilities, wherewithal that are
neceesary for some job to be done: if some things are present and some missing then it
will be mustateeh only according or with respect to some things*.
Surah Baqarah says: waman tatatawwa ‘a khaira: 2:158 it means to undergo a little
trouble to do some good deed: it certainly i willingness but if one has to go to some
(tolerable) trouble to do it, then one must take the trouble of doing it: 2:184 surah Nahal
says about non Godly forces: la yastati-oon: 16:73 means people with authority: that is
the forces or capabilities needed for doing or completing something are missing from
them: surah Baqarah says: yuraddukum un deenikum inis tata-oo: 2:217 if thy they have
the power to do so then they will turn you away from your Deen: surah Ma’idah says:
fatawwa’ut lahu nafsuhu: 5:30 his emotions made him agree to this work: made him
agree to do so.
The Qur’an has stressed the need to obey the laws of God: in fact, the teachings of the
entire Qur’an are focussed towards it: we know what obedience means: i.e. to do
something with full willingness of the heart: obviously this is not obedience to some
oppressive ruler but obedience with full willingness and observance of the limits and
restrictions (of Deen) entirely voluntarily: (this is what Islam means): it is also obvious
that this sort of obedience can be made possible neither with coercion nor can the
obedience be done blindly: that is why the Qur’an along with the laws has also
expostulated the results of the deeds so that every individual can know for himself what
benefits these restrictions hold for him and then to start following the laws with full
willingness: this is the basic principle of all Qur’anic laws: that is , the Qur’an has these
laws implemented at the hands of people who with full understanding and willingness are
agreed with the results of this system and strive with full willingness to establish it.
*Taj
page 1097
this is the true meaning of obedience: i.e. to fall into someone’s lap like a ripened fruit:
the word talla has come opposite it: 3:31 that is, to turn away or find ways of avoiding: if
there is the slightest hesitation in doing something, then it will not be obedience: because
obedience embodies the element of willingness: obedience is done willingly and not
made to be done forcibly (to be effective): unwitting error is something else (and
condonable) , but if someone does not ant to stay within God’s system then he can not be
made to do so forceibly: nor can anybody be made to come within the system by force:
therefore there is no ikraah or coercion in Deen: 2:256 those who do not accept this
system willingly will live in the Islamic state like non-Muslims: they will enjoy all
human rights but they will have no say in the affairs of the state.
Muta-in: 81:21 he who is obeyed: muttawih: 9:79 who engages in some work with full
heart:
Surah Ma’idah says Hazrat Isa’s companions said: yastati-u unuzzila alaina ma-idah:
5:112 Raghib says it mneans Will God accept this prayer of ours? Surah Momin says: ma
liz zalimeena min hameemin wala shafi inn yutah-u: 40:18 i.e. such whose request can be
granted:
Surah Kahaf says : istah instead of istatyah: 18:97.
Tha, waw, feh
Tauf means to go round and encircle; taaf: istaaf: tatawwaf: tawwaf: to go around:
encircle: * to walk around a lot around a thing:**almataaf: the place to go around: attaa-if:
guard which guards at night: this word is also used as a plural: *Ibn Faaris too says that
is the meaning: ut taaifah: the piece of something: a group of people which is united
because of the same Deen or school of thought and is prominent due to this**:
*Taj **Muheet
pqge1098
Ibn Faris says that the Arab do not limit taifah, to any limit: but he also says it means a
little quantity: attawwaaf: a servant who is very soft and courteous in serving:
**attoofaan: all encompassing death: that event or accident that encircles the nation from
all sides and overwhelms everything: such as flooding, murder and mayhem, heavy rains ,
also means intense darkness of the night* Qur’an says about the qaum of Hazrat Nooh: fa
ahaza humut toofaan: 29:14 they were engulfed by a storm.
Taafa rajuuf: means to go for defecating.*
The Qur’an says: yutafu alihim bikaas: 37:45 a drink will do the rounds on them: surah
Noor says : tawwafoona alaikum ba’zukum ala baaz: 24:58 they keep moving ground on
you: surah Alqalam says: fataafa alaiha ta-ifun min rabbika: 68:19 from your Lord (Rab)
a destruction visited them: surah Airaaf says: ta-ifoon minash shaitaan: 7:201 it means a
rebellious thought which comes wandering into the mind: taa-fatun: group or party: 3:121.
Surah Baqarah says that the Kaaba is a central place for the ta-ifeen and aakifeen: 2:125
ta-ifeen mean the guards of humanity: those who protect the rights of people: and
aakifeen means the people who do not let humanity disintegrate: rather keep them
together or united: keep their affairs all right: maintain a balance in world affairs: see
heading ain, kaf, feh: the Qur’an has declared the momins as an international community:
whose duty it is to look after the affairs of the whole world: for this purpose the centre
they will establish is the Kaaba: 2:143 thus the group which establishes this system which
guards humanity is called ta-ifeen: the protector of human rights: this is why when Hazrat
Ibrahim asked God whether the system of up keeping the Kaaba will continue in his
descendants, he was told:
*Taj **Muhjeet
page 1099
la unalu ahdiz zwalimeen: 2:124 those who lessen the rights of humans will not be fit for
this post.
This is what tuwaafi Kaaba really means which is symbolically performed by going
round and round it ( the Kaaba): just like the ruku and sujud (genuflecting etc) in salaat
are symbolic of obedience to God and God alone, so is this congregation of Hajj the
diaplayable shape of the Islamic ummah banding together for the protection of mankind.
Tha, waw, qaf
Tauq: collar: anything which encircles: Raghib says tauq is the collar one is born with,
like the collar of the Qumri (a bird): or artificial collar like golden or silver necklace:
tataw waq: to wear a collar*: to make one wear a collar 3:176.
At taaqah: the Tajul Uroos , Raghib, and Ibn Faaris , Aqrabil Muwarid all agree that at
taaqah means a force which can be employed to do something although unwillingly: that
is, the work seems so difficult or disliked as if someone has put a collar around the throat:
they quote the Qur’an where it says: la tuhammilna ma la taqata lana behi: 2:286 it does
not mean that do not burden us with something which we cannot perform , it means
works which are difficult for us: **.
About the orders of fasting, the Qur’an says: wa alal lazeena yutiqunahu fidyatun tu-
aamu miskeen: 2:184
*Taj **Taj, Muheet, Raghib.
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Ordinarily it is taken to mean that those who have the power or capability to fast (or to
give fidya or compensation) can give up fasting by giving fidyah: these meanings are
wrong: if those who can give fidyah are exempt from fasting then who is fasting farz or
must for?
It means that those who can fast but with difficulty must give fidyah instead of fasting:
because: yureedul laahu bikimul yusra wala yureedu bikumul asr: 2:185 God does not
want to create difficulties for you but ease.
Al Munaar says that the Arabs say ayaqash shaiyi when the power is insufficient to do a
certain thing or one has to face great difficulty in doing something: allazeena
yuqeetunahu means old and weak: the disabled, who have no hope of recovering: the
laborers or workers who usually toil for their livelihood: the prisoners who do hard work:
if such people have difficulty in fasting and can not give fidyah too, then they may give
up fasting: *the next part of this ayaat is: faman tatawwa khairan fahuwa khairul lahu :
2:184 the person who does good work with tolerable hard work it is better for him: here
the difference between yutiqoona and tatawwa must be noted: yutiqoon means hard work
and tatawwa has the element of obedience but with some difficulty.
See heading tham, waw, ain.
Tha, waw, laam
Taal: yatool: tula: to be long: elongated*: Ibn Faaris says attiwal means rope: because it
is long: afataala alaikumul ahad: 20:86 has a long time passed so that you thought that
there is no need any more to honor the pact that you made with me?
*Tafsserul Manar Vol. 11 page 156 **Taj.
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page 1101
Taul: vastness: distance: wellbeing: capacity*: 4:25 power: strength*: 40:3 tatawal: for a
long time to pass: 28:45 surah Bani Israeel uses the word taula to mean the height of a
mountain: 17:37.
Tha, waw, yeh
Tawas saheefatah yatveeha tayya: he rolled the paper (papyrus): ittawa: wantawa: he was
wrapped up : Ibn Faaris says this is its basic meaning: tawa unnil hadeesa wal sirr: he hid
the thing or secret from me: tawal bilaadi tayya: he cut the distance between the cities:
that is, wrapped up the roads: tawal lahul bu’daalana: God wrapped up the distance and
made it near for us*: at tiyah: intent: purpose: the state of being wrapped: the ultimate
destination: **tawal laahu umrah: God ended his age (life): wrapped up the duration of
his age**.
Surah Ambia says : yauma natvis sama’a katayyis sijilli lil utub: 21:104 the day we will
wrap up the skies like wrapping up a sheaf of papers: and surah Az zumr says: wal ardu
jamee_um qabzatuhuj yaumal qiyaamati was samawati mutwiyyaatun biyameenihi 39: 67
that day i.e. on yaumal qiyamah, the entire earth will be seized by Allah: and the skies
too will be wrapped up in his right hand: by joining the two instances together it it
becomes evident that when the society according to the Qur’anic concepts will be formed,
the centre of economic sources and moral values will be the same that is both will be
controlled by the same centre: at present economic means are in the hands of a system
which has isolated moral values : but in that revolutionary era the two will be united :
after that it is said: subhaanahu wa ta’aala umma yushrikoon: 39:67 these people who by
separating the two (economic sources and moral values) commit shirk God is far above
and beyond them: but if yaumal qiyamah is taken to mean the physical result of the world,
then by ard and sama’a will mean the earthly universe.
*Taj **Muheet.
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--page 1102
Surah Taha says that when the time to entrust Moosa with prophet hood came, God said:
innaka bilwaadil muqaddasa: this displays the difference between intellectual method of
research and revelation through the wahi: 20:14 the intellectual method is experimental
and a long path has to be tread (before getting the right result): but wahi wraps up this
distance (of trial and eror) and shortens it very much: in Allama Iqbal’s words: it
economizes human efforts: the ways of the intellect are full of travails: wahi, through the
right path, takes easily to the destination: for instance, you are faced with a situation:
your propose is to find a solution for it and start implementing it: this experimentation
takes a lot of time: also effort: after a long time when the result comes before us we find
that the experiment proved wrong and the solution that we had proposed was wrong: so
then you start another experiment and so on till you find the right result but all this takes
a very long time: but wahi presents you with the right solution at the very beginning and
saves a lot of time and experiments which you would have undertaken to get to the
solution: in this way the duration is shortened quite a bit: the truth bares itself before the
prophet: thus in his search for the truth his distances are shortened: therefore prophet
hood means that a prophet does not have to take the long route of experimentation to get
to the truth but instead he is taken to the stage where distances (and therefore) time is
wrapped up (or shortened) : this valley or stage has been called “tawi” : Raghib has
pointed to this meaning and also said that if “tawi” is joined with noudiya (which appears
in the ayat before) then it will mean that Moosa was called twice: or that the valley was
blessed twice: but these meanings seem unusual.
Tha, yeh, beh
Tayyab: Raghib says this means a thing which titillates a man’s senses as well as being or
personality: * i.e. anything which is pleasing to eat, hear, see, smell as well as be
pleasant to his nafas:
*Raghib
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page 1103
al atayibu and al mata-yibu: pleasant and favorite things: attuba: it can be the noun as
well as the feminine of atyab: means very pleasant life and life of everlasting well being :
good luck: tu-aamun tayyib: the food which easily goes down the throat (i.e. eaten): ma-
un tayyib: pleasant water: atteeb: fragrance*.
Tabatul ardu teeba: the land became fertile: grass grew on it*: the Qur’an says: wal
baladu tayyibu yakhruju nabaaatuhu bi-izni rabbihi: 7:58 fertile land grows vegetables
according to God’s law: as against it the word khabees has been used: wal lazi khabusa la
yakhruju illa nakida: 7:58 and the land which is not good, grows very little greenery if at
all: this explains the meanings of tayyib and khabees: likewise shajarah tayyibah has been
explained as having strong roots in the ground and branches spread out in the air: and it is
fruitful all the year round always: as against it shajarun khabeesun is a tree which has
roots only above the ground and it is uprooted by even a slight push : 14:24:26.
In surah Saba, baldatun tayyibah has been used to mean a city which has lush gardens to
the right and left and which has abundance of rizq or sustenance: this shows that when
the Qur’an says we endow the momineen with hayaatan trayyibah then it mans a life full
of pleasantness, a life in which all favorite things are provided to them, in abundance,
things with which both the heart and the senses are pleased.
The Qur’an says that everything in the universe is halaal (permitted to be used) excepting
that which has been declared haraam (forbidden) by the Qur’an: but it has added tayyeb
to the word halaal : kulu mimma fil ardi halaalan tayyiba: 2:168 that is, eat from among
the halaal things that are your favorite: therefore aside from the things that the Qur’an has
declared as forbidden or haraam every halaal thing in the world can be used: this means
that nobody can declare a halaal thing as haraam and also nobody can force anyone to
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