Background notes
• Paris V is another name for Paris Descartes University. The V is the Roman numeral 5, a
reference to the 5th district of Paris, where the university is located.
• Katowice
/katoˈvi:tse/
is a major city in southern Poland.
• Brasilia is the capital, and fourth largest city, of Brazil.
• Caipirinha
/kaipiˈri:nja/
is a popular Brazilian cocktail, made with Cachaça, a spirit made
from sugar cane.
4
Discuss the question with the class. Make sure everyone understands the meaning of counter-
productive (= having the opposite result to what you want) and
elicit some examples where
small could be counter-productive. Trainees then read the quote to compare it with their
ideas. Discuss with the class whether trainees agree with the advice. Finally, tell trainees to
compare their ideas with those in the commentary on page 63.
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