190
tibbiyotda
sterilizasiya
uchun
ishlatiladigan
apparat.
interconnected abscesses in skin
or mucous membrane.
10.
Agar-agar –
(mahalliy
nomda
agar-agar
-
shilimshiq) – qo’ng’ir va
qizil
suv
o’tlarning
ba’zilari
(masalan
anfelsiya)dan
alohida
usulda qaynatib olinadigan
shilimshiq
modda.
Tarkibida 85-90%
gacha
uglevodlar 2-3 % oqsil 3-
5% bor. Mikrobiologiyada
(mikroorganizimlarni
o’stirish uchun) ishlatildi
Activation energy
The amount of
energy needed to trigger a
chemical reaction.
11.
Asepticheskiy abssess -
Aseptik abssess yiring
mikobakteriyalarisiz
yiringlatuvchi
moddalar
tushishidan
yuzaga
keladigan abesess.
Active site
Functional site of an
enzyme, the shape of which is
complementary to the shape of the
substrate.
12.
Agglyutinasiya-
agglyutinasiya
-
(
lot.
Agglitina tio- yopishirish )-
osilma
(muallaq)
zarrachalar - bakteriyalar,
eritrosiylar – leykositlar,
trombositlar,
to’qima
hujayralar hamda ustiga
antigen
va antitelalar
adsorbsiyalangan
faol
zarrachalari
yopishtirib
olish va cho’kish.
Active transport
The movement
of a substance against its
electrochemical gradient via
carrier proteins and requiring cell
energy from ATP.
13.
Agglyuminat
-
agglyuminat
(lot
agglutinatum
–
yopishtirmoq)
–
agglyutinasiya jarayonida
hosil bo’lgan cho’kma.
Acute anaphylaxis
Condition in
which the release of inflammatory
mediators overwhelms the body’s
coping mechanisms.
14.
Agglyutinogeni
-
Aggmotinogenlar
(
lot
agglutino – yopishtirmoq +
gr. genes tug’diruvchi ) –
agglyutinasiya reaksiyasida
qatnashuvchi
aitigenlar.
Acute disease
Any disease that
develops rapidly but lasts only a
short time, whether it resolves in
convalescence or death.
15.
Agromikrobiologiya-
agromikrobiologiya
(
lot.
agti – ep+ gr miknos –
kichik + gr. bios- hayot +
gr. logos- ta’limot, sin.
qishloq
ho’jaligi
Acute inflammation
Type of
inflammation that develops
quickly, is short lived, and is
usually beneficial.
191
mikrobiologiyasi)
-
mikroorganizimlarning yer
hosildorligidan,
ovqat
mahsulotlardagina
va
o’simliklarni
qayta
ishlashdagi
zaruriyatni
o’rganuvchi,
shunindek,
mikroorganizimdan
qishloq xo’jaligi ishlab
chiqarishda
foydalanish
metodini
ishlab
chiqaruvchi
mikroorganizimning
bir
bo’lagi.
16.
Adaptasiya –
adaptasiya
(
lot
Adaptatio
–
moslashish: sin moslashuv
)
–
xar
qanday organizim
o’zgargan
yashash
sharoitlariga
moslashish
sharti.
Adaptive immunity
Resistance
against pathogens that acts more
effectively upon subsequent
infections with the same
pathogen.
17.
Aktinomikoz
-
aktinomikoz
(
gr
Aktinomikos
nurda
gr
muketos – zamburug’da gr
– osis - kasallik, patologik
xolat:
sin
nursimon
zamburug’ kasalligi
)
-
odam
va hayvonlarning
surinkali yuqumli kasalligi.
Adenine
Ring-shaped nitrogenous
base found in nucleotides of DNA
and RNA.
18.
Aktinomisiti
–
aktinomisitlar
(
gr Aktinos
– nurda gr myketos –
zamburug’, sin nursimon
zamburug’lar
)
–
bakterialar
bilan
zamburug’lar
o’rtasida
oraliq
o’rnini
egallab
turadigan ipsimon bo’lib
shoxlanadigan
gr
“+”
mikroorganizimlarni
katta
bir guruxga birlashtiruvchi
schizomycetes – sinfiga
mansub mikroorganizimlar
tartibi.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The primary short-term,
recyclable energy molecule
fueling cellular reactions.
19.
Allergidi –
allergidlar
(
gr
allos boshqa, o’zgachada
gr. ergonda tasir
)
allergik
tabiatli
toshmalarning
umumiy nomi.
Adherence
Process by which
phagocytes attach to
microorganisms through the
binding of complementary
chemicals on the cytoplasmic
membranes.
20.
Allergiya –
allergiya
(
gr
allos boshqa, o’zgacha gr.
Adhesins
Molecules
that attach
192
ergonda
tasir
)
organizimlarning
qandaydir
moddalarning
qayta tasir etishi yoki o’z
to’qimalari
kompanentlariga sezgirligi
oshib ketishi ko’rinishida
reaksiya o’zgargan xolati,
uning asosida to’qimalar
zarar
topishi
bilan
kechadigan
immunitet
yotadi.
pathogens to their target cells.
21.
Anilin
-
Anilin
(
sin.
Aminobenzol,fenilamin
) –
aromatik qatorining oddiy,
o’ta zaxarli: bazi dori
preparatlar
va
bo’yoq
moddalarini olish.
Adhesion
The attachment of
microorganisms to host cells.
Agglyutinasiya
Agglyutinasiya
–suyuqlikda
tarqalgan
bakteriya,
eritrosit
va
boshqa
turli
hujayralarning
bir
–
biriga
yopishib, cho’kishi.
Adhesion factors
A variety of
structures or attachment proteins
by which microorganisms attach
to host cells.
Angina
(
lot.ango-siqmoq,bo’g’moq)-
streptokokk yoki stafilokokklar,
kamroq
mikroblar
keltirib
chiqaradigan
o’tkir
yuqumli
kasallik, halqumning to’qimalari,
aksari
tanglay
murtaklaridagi
to’qimalar yallig’lanishi bilan
yuzaga chiqadi; tomoq og’rig’i va
o’rtacha umumiy intoksikatsiya
kuzatiladi.
Adjuvant
Chemical added to a
vaccine
to increase its ability to
stimulate active immunity.
Antagonizm II
–
mikroblar antagonizmi -
mikroorganizmlar birga
yashaganlarida bir turdagi
mikroorganizmlar boshqa hayot
faoliyatini so’ndirib qo’yishidan
yuzaga chiqadigan antagonizm
Aerobe
An organism that uses
oxygen as a final electron
acceptor.
Abiotik omillar
j
onsiz omillar – anorganik muhit
omillari: yorug’lik, harorat namlik,
tuproq,
bosim
kabilar
tirik
organizm faoliyatiga tasir etib,
ularning
hayotiga moslashuvida
muhim ahamiyatga ega.
Aerobic respiration
Type of
cellular respiration requiring
oxygen atoms as final electron
acceptors.
Abssess-
abssess (
abssessis;lot. absissit-
ajralmah.yiringlamoq
sii
apostema) – yiring to’lgan va
atrofdagi to’qima hamda a’zolarda
piogei parda bilan ajralib
turgan bo’shliq.
Aerosol
A cloud of water
droplets, which travels more than
1 meter in airborne transmission
and less than 1 meter in droplet
transmission.
Y. ILOVALAR
193
O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI SOG`LIQNI SAQLASH VAZIRLIGI
Ro‘yxatga olindi:
Sog`liqni saqlash vazirligi
№ BD –
______________________
201____ yil “__”_____
201_yil “__”_______
MIKROBIOLOGIYA,VIRUSOLOGIYA VA IMMUNOLOGIYA
FAN DASTURI
Bilim sohasi:
300000 - Ishlab chiqarish texnik soha;
500000 – Sog’liqni saqlash va ijtimoiy ta’minot;
Ta’lim sohasi:
320000 – Ishlab chiqarish tehnologiyalari;
510000 – Sog’liqni saqlash;
Ta’lim yo‘nalishi:
5320500
–
Biotexnologiya
(Farmatsevtik
biotexnologiya)
.
TOSHKENT – 201_
194
O`zbеkiston Rеspublikasi Sog`liqni saqlash vazirligining 201__ yil «___» ______ dagi
«___» –sonli buyrug`ining____- ilovasi bilan fan dasturi ro`yxati tasdiqlangan.
Fan
dasturi
Sog`liqni
saqlash
vazirligining
Tibbiyot
ta`lim
muassalararo
Muvofiqlashtiruvchi uslubiy Kеngashning 201__ yil «___»______ dagi «___» –sonli
bayonnomasi bilan maqullangan.
Fan dasturi Sog`liqni saqlash vazirligining Toshkent farmatsevtika instituti tomonidan
ishlab chiqildi.
Tuzuvchilar:
Qodirova D.E. - Tibbiy va biologik fanlar kafedrasi
dotsenti, t. f. n.
Nuralieva X.O.- Tibbiy va biologik fanlar kafedrasi
mudiri,dotsent t. f. n.
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