C H A P T E R 5 . C R O S S - C U T T I N G T H E M E S A N D O P E R A T I O N A L I S S U E S
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results are rarely sustainable if they do not also
strengthen local or regional structures.
The UNDP ‘Practice Note for Capacities for
Integrated
Local
Development’
69
divides
approaches to local development into four
categories: direct community support, local
government support, area-based development
and decentralized sector approaches. The
common feature of the four is the objective
of strengthening local governments, planning
and decision-making mechanisms, and local
institutions during the decentralization process.
This can take place in different ways, but always
using needs assessments of institutional and
educational structures and human resources.
The ADR team did not find any documents
discussing the foundation for the selection of
area-based development as the main approach to
supporting the decentralization process in
Uzbekistan. This deficiency also influences
deeper comparative analysis of development
approaches and concepts, which would be
useful, for example, when further refining the
selected approach.
In addition, capacity development among region-
ally active institutions has been limited. ELS and
ABD projects, for instance, always included
institutional development aspects, but they
typically created their own institutional structures,
such as Information Resource Centres. It is not
clear whether these Centres will continue to exist
after the end of the project, even if those created
under the first ELS project continue to exist
three years after it closed. In contrast, there are
many active institutions—including educational
and those managed by the regional chamber of
commerce—that could be developed further by
adding services to their ongoing activities.
Sectoral and line ministries are usually satisfied
with the quality of projects’ educational
components and training received from UNDP.
However, ministries’ training needs often
gravitate towards supplementary topics, and
officials typically request additional training and
learning support, often after the project cycle.
A more sustainable project concept is for UNDP
to use a training-system approach, where future
trainers, who will assist in the following phases of
the process, are identified and included among
the first group of trainees. Typically, the ideal
candidates for future trainers are either teachers
from line ministry institutions or ministry and
central administration civil servants that have
also received pedagogic training. In private-
sector development projects, trainers can be
selected among participating professionals. This
training approach reduces the need for UNDP
involvement in training events and efficiently
and effectively strengthens local capacities.
However, this has not been the case for UNDP
projects in Uzbekistan. Thus, UNDP will have
to remain responsive to important and under-
standable requests for support from ministries
and the central administration after project cycles
end. This issue will become an increasing burden
for UNDP if the approach is not strategically
altered
to
selectively
strengthen
existing
institutional structures. This adjustment should
be based on a thorough assessment of existing
needs and resources. Discussions with the staff of
the UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre revealed
that this problem has been very common
throughout the region.
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