1.4. Odd and Even
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1.4
Odd and Even
The set
Z
of integers can be partitioned into two subsets, the set of odd integers
and the set of even integers:
{±
1
,
±
3
,
±
5
, . . .
}
and
{
0
,
±
2
,
±
4
, . . .
}
, respectively.
Although the concepts of odd and even integers appear straightforward, they come
in handy in various number theory problems. Here are some basic ideas:
(1) an odd number is of the form 2
k
+
1, for some integer
k
;
(2) an even number is of the form 2
m
, for some integer
m
;
(3) the sum of two odd numbers is an even number;
(4) the sum of two even numbers is an even number;
(5) the sum of an odd number and an even number is an odd number;
(6) the product of two odd numbers is an odd number;
(7) a product of integers is even if and only if at least one of its factors is even.
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