Business Thinking for Designers

• Reverse Razor Blade – A high profit-margin product that 
comes with low-cost companions products. The Apple 
iPhone is an example that enables access to loads of low-
cost music, movies, and TV.
• Advertising – Rather than selling directly to consumers, 
businesses sell access to an audience to promote or sell 
products, services, or ideas. This is what Google does, as 
well as network television and radio. 
As you might imagine, some companies have multiple business 
models at the same time. Apple is incorporating reverse razor 
blade, e-commerce, and subscription models across their 
portfolio, all at once.