The right-hand side of the quantity equation 6.3 equals Rs. 5000 per year, which is the Rs.
value of all transactions.
MV = PQ
Rs.5000 = Rs.5000
Suppose further that the quantity of money available in the economy (stock of money,
M) is Rs.100. by rearranging the quantity equation 6.3, we get the value of velocity of money
(V):
MV = PQ
V =
6.4
V = Rs.5000/Rs.100 = 50 times a year
That is, for Rs.5000 transactions per year to take place with Rs.100 of money, each Rs. must
change hands 50 times per year.
We get the value of V = 50, and M = Rs.100 (given)
MV = PQ
Rs.100 X 50 = Rs.10 X 500
5000 = 5000
The equation of exchange, MV = PQ is an identity because it must be true that the quantity of
money, times how many times it is used to buy goods equals the amount of goods times their
price. Why is it then called a theory – a theory, which said that
a change in the quantity of
money will lead to an equi proportionate change in price level, P in the same direction?
The quantity theory of money aims at explaining the factors that determine the
general price level in an economy. By rearranging the equation 6.3, we can get the price
level, P
MV = PQ
P =
6.5
P = Rs.5000/500 = Rs.10 per unit of commodity
The Fisher’s equation is based on the two key assumptions:
1.
Fisher viewed velocity as constant in the short run. This
is because he felt that
velocity is affected by institutions and technology that changes slowly over time.
2.
Fisher, like all classical economists, believed that flexible wages and prices
guaranteed output, Q, to be at its full employment level, so it was also constant in the
short run
With
this assumption, now we will see how increase in quantity (or supply) of money
increases price level in the economy. For example,
if quantity of money, M increases
from Rs.100 to Rs.200 and velocity, V and output, Q remains the same in the economy.
Then
MV = PQ
Rs.200 X 50 = P500
Rs.10000 = P500
P = Rs.10000/500
P =Rs.20 per unit of commodity
According to QTM, if amount of money in an economy doubles; the price levels also
doubles (inflation). For instance, earlier price was Rs.10 and when amount of money doubles
keeping V and Q constant, price level also doubles (i.e., increases from Rs.10 to Rs.20). This
equation implies that the quantity of money determines the price level; the price level, in turn,
varies directly with the quantity of money, provided V and Q remain constant.
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