Does this endeavour bring more benefits than problems?
In these years, the society has seen rapid proliferation of different measures aiming to prevent
victimisation. It is followed by a
protracted
debate over its positive and negative impacts. In my opinion,
it is a reflection of the
inflated
fear of crime, but not of actual levels of crime.
To a larger or lesser extent, the increased presence of anti-crime devices fuels the fear of crime and has
a
devastating
effect on people's quality of life. Crimes are concentrated in particular areas, but the fear
of crime spreads across the whole community and affects nearly every resident. The most annoying
aspect of this trend is that people's freedom is
curtailed
(for example, using the stairway of a building
less frequently due to the alarm installed there) and sometimes, people's privacy is invaded (due to the
concealed surveillance cameras in offices). There is little, if any, evidence that the threat people perceive
has a real life counterpart.
On the other hand, although some measures are said to deter or stop crime, they too often produce
opposite outcomes. For example, lighting in a dark area may reduce fear but also enable criminals to see
their targets more easily, leading to a high probability of attacks. The benefits of
self-protective
measures
such as gun ownership and martial arts training are doubtful because nobody can say with certainty that
the net effect is to decrease harm. Most personal defensive devices are either too difficult to use or less
effective than expected.
Crime reduction and crime prevention also rely on other approaches rather than on security measures.
Criminals choose their targets based on time and whereabouts. Citizens will be less vulnerable to
victimisation if they bypass those places where crimes frequently occur. There is no need for carrying
chemical agents for self-defence. Many mansions are armed with expensive in-door surveillance
systems, but issuing passes to occupants and tenants and preventing easy access to the building is more
effective and economical. In the inner city, where crimes are epidemic, eliminating the dilapidated
buildings used by criminals for hiding or selecting a target is more useful than requiring all shops and
residents nearby to install expensive security system. The central part of crime prevention is altering the
environment, by which the root causes or at least the facilitators of crime can be eliminated.
As suggested above, it is difficult to measure the effectiveness of anti-crime equipment and users should
examine it regularly. The crime prevention framework should focus on making the environment safe
from crime, reducing the potential for crime in high-risk situations and
halting
the possibility of future
crime.
1.
protract = prolong
2.
inflated = increased = escalating
3.
devastating = destructive = harmful = damaging = dreadful
4.
curtail = limit = restrict = restrain = inhibit = curb = reduce
5.
self-protective = self-defensive
6.
halt = stop = freeze
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