cleverness, which we may interpret as d’Aulnoy stating what is important while also
presenting a strong female to ridicule the ideals of gender relations common in her time.
Mme d’Aulnoy published novels and the custom of telling fairy tales and dressing
up as their characters in her court on special occasions helped lead to the future
popularity of literary fairy tales.
54
Her abilities in describing traditional tales and her
imagination as well as her use of devices made her tales interesting to audiences. She
also inserted her own views into her tales, which are unsurprising when considering her
mother’s influence as well as her own actions in life. She did not believe that women
should be constrained by men or their rules and instead heaped importance upon the
feelings of being in love, even though her tales sometimes contained elements of
unpredictability and difficulty.
55
The Brothers Grimm are regarded as important figures within
the history of the
literary fairy tale. Their collection of tales is well known throughout the world and has
remained popular in to modern times. With Jacob Grimm being born in 1785 and his
brother Wilhelm in 1786, their father’s death in 1796 left them as responsible for taking
care of their family, forcing them to grow up quickly.
56
This also pushed them in to being
hardworking students and taking life very seriously. In their youth they studied for over
twelve hours each day, each graduating first of his year from the Lyzeum and then going
on to study to become lawyers while facing class discrimination at their schools.
57
This is
important in that the Grimms identified with ordinary German people as Zipes states,
The identification with the common hard-working folk and the great desire to
prove his individual worth were major factors in Jacob’s later success and also
figured in his idealization of the German folk. These were also the factors that
drove Wilhelm, who shared Jacob’s reverence for the simple German people and
the ascetic life.
58
This is significant in relation to their work with tales. Also significant is the influence of
one of their mentors at school, Professor Friedrich Carl von Savigny. He stressed the
importance of tracing back laws through history and examining the customs and
languages of the people that they govern which the Grimms then applied in examining
tales.
59
They began collecting and publishing collections of traditional songs and tales
after the death of their mother during a period of uncertainty in which the poor young
adult children had to make choices as to what sort of careers to pursue to support
themselves and the household.
60
Important to note is that the Grimms saw their work as a
way of preserving German culture. They sought to preserve the oral traditions, tales, and
culture that they believed was being replaced and endangered by literary culture because
they viewed the older traditions as important to society.
61
They chose to dedicate
themselves to preserving what they viewed as pure forms of German culture in oral and
written forms to make sure they did not fade from German awareness and so that the
connections between laws and customs with their origins as well as how Germans
compared to others in regards to which qualities of traditions were uniquely German were
visible and remembered.
62
Out of the four
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