The ability to cheaply bundle and quantify the default risk of the underlying
high-risk mortgages in a standardized debt security called
mortgage-backed
securities
provided a new source of financing for these mortgages. The financial
innovation of subprime and alt-A mortgages was born. Financial innovation didn t
stop there.
Financial engineering
, the development of new, sophisticated finan-
cial instruments, led to
structured credit products
that are derived from cash
flows of underlying assets and can be tailored to have particular risk characteris-
tics that appeal to investors with differing preferences. Particularly notorious were
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