Drilling horizontal wells


(F) Installation of underground utilities



Download 48,77 Kb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet8/9
Sana11.01.2022
Hajmi48,77 Kb.
#345360
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9
Bog'liq
foydali fayllar uz metrologiya-standartlashtirish-va-sertifikatlashtirish

(F) Installation of underground utilities 


 

Utility line:

 Utility service lines such as those delivering electricity

water, or natural gas are sometimes installed by directional drilling. This 

method is used when they must cross a road where excavation would 

disrupt traffic, cross a river where excavation is impossible, or 

transverse a community where surface installation by excavation would 

be extremely expensive and disrupting. 

Horizontal Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing in Shales 

Perhaps the most important role that horizontal drilling has played is in 

development of the natural gas shale plays. These low-permeability rock 

units contain significant amounts of gas and are present beneath very 

large parts of North America. 

The Barnett Shale of Texas, the Fayetteville Shale of Arkansas, the 

Haynesville Shale of Louisiana and Texas, and the Marcellus Shale of 

the Appalachian Basin are examples. In these rock units the challenge is 



not "finding" the reservoir; the challenge is recovering the gas from very 

tiny pore spaces in a low-permeability rock unit. 

To stimulate the productivity of wells in organic-rich shales, companies 

drill horizontally through the rock unit and then use hydraulic fracturing 

to produce artificial permeability that is propped open by 

frac sand

Done together, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing can make a 



productive well where a vertical well would have produced only a small 

amount of gas. 

Drilling Methodology 

Most horizontal wells begin at the surface as a vertical well. Drilling 

progresses until the drill bit is a few hundred feet above the target rock 

unit. At that point the pipe is pulled from the well and a hydraulic motor 

is attached between the drill bit and the drill pipe. 

The hydraulic motor is powered by a flow of drilling mud down the drill 

pipe. It can rotate the drill bit without rotating the entire length of drill 

pipe between the bit and the surface. This allows the bit to drill a path 

that deviates from the orientation of the drill pipe. 

After the motor is installed, the bit and pipe are lowered back down the 

well, and the bit drills a path that steers the well bore from vertical to 

horizontal over a distance of a few hundred feet. Once the well has been 

steered to the proper angle, straight-ahead drilling resumes and the well 



follows the target rock unit. Keeping the well in a thin rock unit requires 

careful navigation. Downhole instruments are used to determine the 

azimuth and orientation of the drilling. This information is used to steer 

the drill bit. 

Horizontal drilling is expensive. When combined with hydraulic 

fracturing, a well can cost up to three times as much per foot as drilling a 

vertical well. The extra cost is usually recovered by increased 

production from the well. These methods can multiply the yield of 

natural gas or oil from a well. Many profitable wells would be failures 

without these methods. 

A New Lease and Royalty Philosophy 

In the production of gas from a vertical well, the gas is produced beneath 

a single parcel of property. Most states have long-established 


Download 48,77 Kb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish