Class
1st Grade
2nd Grade
3rd Grade
4th Grade
5th Grade
Total
Low
55
46
30
33
25
189
Middle
69
43
34
41
27
214
High
60
39
34
28
23
184
Here is a completely different story from the one suggested by the first
table. The first set of test results made it look like lower-income kids were
somehow failing in the classroom. But here we see plainly that isn’t true.
Look at the “Total” column. Over the course of five years of elementary
school, poor kids “out-learn” the wealthiest kids 189 points to 184 points.
They lag behind the middle-class kids by only a modest amount, and, in fact,
in one year, second grade, they learn more than the middle- or upper-class
kids.
Next, let’s see what happens if we look just at how reading scores change
during summer vacation.
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