|
2-mavzu. XORIJIY TURIZM BOZORINI RIVOJI ANTIRISH
TENDENSIYALARI
’Charles A. Goeldner, J.R. Brent Ritchie.
Tourism PRINCIPLES, PRACTICES, PHILOSOPHIES,
New
Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, 2012 - 514p. ; Christopher Holloway, Claire Humphreys, Rob Davidson
The
Business o f Tourism,
UK, Pearson Education, 2009. - 793p.;Adrian Franklin “
Tourism an introductions
”.
SAGE Publications London-Thousand Oaks-New Delhi 2003.;Hubbard, Graham,
Strategic Management:
Thinking, Analysis and Action,
2004, 2nd edition, Prentice-Hall, Freehs Forest; Kotler, Bowen & Makens
(2006),
Marketing fo r Hospitality and Tourism
4th ed, Pearson Education, Inc.; Yvette Reisinger.
International tourism cultures and behavior-
Elsevier 2009, 450 b.; Bob Brotherton.
The International
Hospitality Industry
Oxfosd. First published 2003, 251 b.; John R. Walker
.Exploring the Hospitality
Industry.
Prentice Hall.USA, 2015.;Allcock A., Jones B., Lane S., Grant J.
national ecotourism strategy.
Commonwealth o f Australia, 1994, 196 г.; Lindberg K., Hawkins D.E. (eds)
Ecotourism: a Guide for
Planners and Managers.
North Bennington, Vermont. 1993, 256 г.; Stephen J.
Pige.Transport and
Tourism: Global Perspectives,
Third ed. Harlow (England), London. New York [etc.], Pearson Education
Limited. 2009.; Gross, S., Klemmer, L. (Eds.).
Introduction to tourism transporLCAB}.
2004.
20
Milliy turistik xizmatlar bozorini innovatsion rivojlantirishga
oid jahonda olib borilgan tadqiqotlar10 natijasida qator, jumladan,
quyidagi ilmiy natijalar olingan:
- umumjahon tashkilotlari tomonidan tan olingan tamoyillarga
asosan milliy turizm xizmat bozorlarining istiqbolli turlari tas-
niflangan (Ecole Hoteliere de Lausanne);
- turistik xizmat samaradorligini oshirish yuzasidan turistik
klaster tizimi asoslangan (Harvard Business School);
- xalqaro institutlar tavsiyalari bo‘yicha turizm faoliyati
rivojining innovatsion yo‘nalishlari ishlab chiqilgan (Oxford
Brookes University);
- jahon turistik-rekreatsion bozorini rivojlantirish tendensi
yaiari asoslangan hamda prognozlashni innovatsion omillar asosida
amalga oshirish usullari taklif qilingan (University o f Surrey);
- turizm sohasining milliy iqtisodiyotdagi o‘mini aniqlashda
BTTning turizmda yordamchi hisoblar metodikasi ishlab chiqilgan
(Moskva davlat universiteti).
Dunyoda turizm xizmatlar bozori samaradorligini oshirish
bo‘yicha qator, jumladan, quyidagi ustuvor yo‘nalishlarda tadqi
qotlar olib borilmoqda:
- turizm bozorining tashkiliy-iqtisodiy omillarmi innovatsion
rivojlanish asosida yanada aniqlashtirish;
- turizm xizmatlari eksportini uning yangi istiqbolli turlari
(agrar va vino turizmi, ekoturizm, malakaviy - ish turizmi va bosh
qalar) asosida rivojlantirish; turizm sohasining subyektlari faoliyati
ni bozor sharoitida boshqarish mexanizmini muvofiqlashtirish;
- turizm xizmatlar bozorini innovatsion texnologiyalar asosida
takomillashtirish.
Monte-Karlodagi Turizm akademiyasida berilgan ta’rif bo‘-
yicha,
«Turizm
- odamlarhing sog'lig‘ini tiklash, bo‘sh vaqtida
bilishga chorlaydigan, qiziqishlarni qondirish uchun yoki kasbiy-
"Tunzm bo‘yicha xorijiy ilmiy tadqiqotlar Nowak J-J., S. Petit and M Sahli, Tourism and Globalization:
The International Division of Tourism Production. In: Dwyer, L. and N. Seeteram (Eds). Recent
Developments in the Economics o f Tourism, Sydney: Edwad Elgar, 2013. pp 77-94; Ketels, Christian
H.M. Clusters and Dubai's Competitiveness. Report, Dubai Economic Council, Dubai, United Arab
Emirates, October 2009. - 100 p., Clarke, J., Hawkins, R and Waligo, V. Sustainability and marketing
for responsible tourism. In: McCabe, S., (ed.) The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Marketing. London:
Routledge. 2013. pp. 41-53; John Tribe. Strategy for Tourism; London: Goodfellow Publishers Limited,
2016, -288 p., asosida amalga oshirilgan.
21
amaliy maqsadlarda vaqtinchalik yashash joyida maosh to‘lanadigan
faoliyat bilan bog‘liq bo‘lmagan holda doimiy yashash joyini
vaqtincha tark etishining har qanday ko‘rinishidir». Bu ta’rifda
asosiy urg‘u tashrif buyuruvchilaming yashash joyidan tashqarida
olib boradigan faoliyatiga qaratilgan.
Turizm sohasidagi atamalar muammosi xalqaro tashkilotlar
diqqatini ham o ‘ziga tortadi. Manilada 1981-yilda qabul qilingan
jahon turizmi haqidagi deklaratsiyada ko'rsatilishicha, «Turizm
davlatlarning ijtimoiy, madaniy, ma’rifiy va iqtisodiy sohalariga va
ularning xalqaro munosabatlariga bevosita ta’sir ko'rsatishi
jihatidan xalqlar hayotida muhim rol o‘ynaydigan faoliyat sifatida
tushuniladi».
Butunjahon turistik tashkiloti tomonidan 1981-yilda Madridda
tashkil etilgan xalqaro turizm konferensiyasi materiallariga asosan,
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
