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3.
Methodology
The induction motor has two main parts the stator and rotor which are stationary and rotating
parts. Stator parts are the outer part of IM which is connected with a three-phase power supply.
The rotating parts do not require connecting electricity because electromagnetic induction pro-
vides the transfer of energy from stationary parts to the rotating components. The stator pro-
duces a rotating magnetic field, which converts into alternating electromotive force and current
in the motor rotor. This rotor current and the rotating components of the stationary winding
interact with each other and produce motor torque. The characteristic of torque-speed is related
to the component’s resistance and reactance of the rotor. Therefore, with different percentage
values of rotor resistance to reactance in rotor circuits, it is possible to achieve different torque-
speed characteristics [4].
Symptoms of motor faults may cause lower efficiency, high energy utilization, improper per-
formance, and long-time equipment operating shutdown. Still, minor faults can increase the
chances of loss such as reducing efficiency and increasing motor temperature, which will re-
duce the winding insulation life span and increase motor vibration.
They are caused by the operating environment circumstances and the equipment's internal me-
chanical factors. Therefore, the diagnosis of motor faults is an important task for engineers at
an early stage and avoids maintenance costs. Different methods of induction motor fault diag-
nosis were under-investigated by a few researchers and different techniques have been pro-
posed for fault diagnosis [1][12].
The most commonly used method of fault diagnosis is motor current signature analysis
(MCSA). MCSA in which is used to detect rotor faults, stator faults, bearings damage, and
eccentricities online in the induction motor.
Most studies prefer that induction motor faults diagnosis techniques are based on Fast Fourier
Transform using electrical signal signature analysis. Other diagnosis methods including vibra-
tion analysis, temperature measurements, harmonic analysis of speed fluctuations, vibration
monitoring, state, and parameters estimation, either axial flux, acoustic noise measurement,
and magnetic field analysis may diagnose through other techniques, for example, Short-Time
Fourier Transform and Wavelet. Currently, AI techniques have been combined with traditional
diagnosis methods for the detection of the right faults, such as the Fuzzy Logic Controller.
Induction motor faults often generate particular frequency components in the electric current
spectrum. The abnormal harmonics contain potential information of motor faults. Therefore,
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the frequency analysis approach is the most commonly used method to diagnose induction
motor faults. In this method by considering an unbalanced machine then, the connected to bal-
anced supply voltage produces stator current whose magnitude and frequency depend on the
asymmetry level and nature of the fault. Based on the current spectrum decomposition analyzed
via Fast Fourier Transform and fuzzy logic controller. The fault causes a harmonic component
in the current at a characteristic’s frequency, visualized in the current spectrum. The motor slip
should be estimated based on the data the known frequency component obtained from different
fault aspects and related data.
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