Microsoft Word 02Preface doc

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Notable 
Ev
en
ts 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ghana 
 
  
 
  
  
 
Kenya 
  
 
  
 
  
 
Zambia 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
Pr
epared 
by
 th
e i
nves
tigat
ion tea
m
 
 
 
 
Korl
e Bu
 Hos
pi
tal (Dis
pa
tch
 of 
exp
erts
) 
¾
 
V
ir
ology
 and E
lectr
on 
m
icr
oscope 
 
¾
 
Under
nutr
ition and
 I
nfectious diseases 
¾
 
Pathologic phy
siol
ogy
 and Under
nutr
ition 
¾
 
Diar
rh
ea and Under
nutr
ition 
NMIMR Pr
oject 
¾
 
V
ir
ology
 
¾
 
Epide
m
iology 
¾
 
Nutrition 
NMIMR 
Pr
oject
・
F/
U 
¾
 
V
accines 
¾
 
Diarrhea 
¾
 
HIV/A
IDS 
¾
 
Schistoso
m
iasis
 
In
fectiou
s Dis
eas
es
 
Contr
ol Pr
oject 
¾
 
HIV/A
IDS/S
TD 
¾
 
T
uber
culosis Contr
ol
¾
 
VPD 
¾
 
Schistoso
m
iasis
 
Commu
ni
cab
le Dis
eas
es
Re
se
ar
ch
 and Contr
ol
 
Pr
oject 
¾
 
V
iral Diar
rhoeal 
Diseases 
¾
 
Bacterial Diar
rhoeal 
Diseases 
¾
 
Parasites 
P
roj
ect
 of K
E
M
R
I
¾
 
Vi
ra
l 
Diarrhoeal 
Diseases 
¾
 
Bacterial 
Diarrhoeal 
Diseases 
¾
 
Parasites
 
Pr
oject
 on
 the 
Resear
ch and 
Contr
ol of Infe
ctious 
Diseases 
¾
 
V
iral Diar
rhoeal 
Diseases 
¾
 
Bacterial 
Diarrhoeal 
Diseases 
 
R
es
ear
ch
 a
nd 
Contr
ol of 
In
fectiou
s 
Dis
eas
es
Pr
oj
ect 
II 
¾
 
HIV/A
IDS 
¾
 
ARI 
¾
 
V
iral Hepatitis 
 
In
fectiou
s Dis
eas
es 
Pr
oject
 Phase
Ⅰ・
F/U
¾
 
Establish
m
ent of the 
diagnostic m
ethods 
¾
 
Nosogenesis analy
sis 
fr
om
 patient sam
ples
 
In
fectiou
s Dis
eas
es
 
Con
trol Proj
ect
 
¾
 
E
nhancem
ent of 
diagnostic techniq
ues
¾
 
Epidem
iologi
ca
l 
and clinical 
res
earch
 
¾
 
St
rengthening
 
su
rveill
ance
 
 
HIV/AIDS an
d TB Control 
Proje
ct 
¾
 
Im
pr
ovem
ent of diagnosis 
quality
, data
 m
ana
ge
m
ent and 
labor
ator
y m
anagem
ent 
¾
 
In
tr
oduction o
f diagnosis and 
surveillance techniques for 
HIV/A
IDS and 
TB 
 
WA
SI
PA
C
 
¾
 
Parasitic 
Diseases Control 
¾
 
ICTP
 an
d 
TC
TP
Research and Control of 
Infectious and Parasitic 
Diseases Project
Resear
ch and Contr
ol of 
In
fectiou
s Dis
eas
es
 
Pr
oject 
¾
 
HIV/A
IDS 
In
tern
ation
al P
aras
ite 
Contr
ol Pr
oject 
¾
 
Parasitic Diseases Control 
¾
 
ICTP
 an
d 
TC
TP
 
  
Development b
ased on BHN 
Independence o
f
Af
rican Nations
“L
os
t Decad
e”
TICAD 
Ⅰ
 
TICAD 
Ⅱ
 
TICAD
 Ⅲ
IDI
  
Table 3.1 
Trends in Japanese Cooperation 
for Resear
ch

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22 
 
4
 
Analytical Findings on the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical 
Research in Ghana 
In this chapter, first of all the background and an outline of cooperation with the 
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research are given in section 4.1 Summary of 
JICA Cooperation with the NMIMR, and based on the field survey the positioning and 
functions of the NMIMR in relation to communicable diseases control in Ghana 
comprise four sections, and an analysis of the contribution of the Noguchi Memorial 
Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) is presented in relation to infectious diseases 
control and the effects of JICA’s cooperation that made possible this contribution of 
the NMIMR.    Section 4.2 provides an outline of infectious diseases control in Ghana, 
including the functions and roles of the NMIMR.    Based on these findings, the effects 
of JICA cooperation that enabled the NMIMR to contribute to infectious diseases 
control are analysed and described in section 4.3. The results of the analysis are 
summarized in section 4.4 as the expected role of the NMIMR.   
 
4.1
 
Summary of JICA Cooperation with the NMIMR 
4.1.1
 
Background History to the Cooperation 
Following its independence in 1957, former President Nkrumah carried out major 
reforms under the banner of Pan Africanism that targeted economic development, the 
promotion of education, and public health improvements.  However, Ghana’s 
mortality rate for children under five years of age was extremely high at 215 deaths per 
1,000 infants due to infectious diseases, notably tuberculosis (TB), measles, smallpox, 
pneumonia, and malaria.    Malnutrition was another major cause of the high mortality 
rate. 
The Government of Ghana (GoG) judged that there was a need to improve nutritional 
and other environmental conditions and to conduct virological research to protect the 
population of Ghana.    Thus, the GoG requested the Overseas Technical Cooperation 
Agency (OTCA), the predecessor of JICA, to dispatch experts to the Korle Bu 
Hospital (Ghana College of Health Services).  Based on this request, OTCA 
dispatched experts from 1968.  In 1969, the Ghana College of Health Services 
became a part of the University of Ghana and Japan continued to dispatch experts to 
the Korle Bu Hospital until 1978. 
In 1977, the Ghanaian Government enacted a plan to establish a medical complex 
comprising a Basic Medical Sciences Department, Undergraduate Medical School, 
Teaching Hospital, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Paramedic Training School and 
other units at the University of Ghana in the Legon district, in the capital, Accra.  
Based on a request from the GOG, the Japanese government provided grant aid 
assistance, “Project for Construction of the Postgraduate Medical Research Institute, 
University of Ghana, Medical School” (Phase1-2), to establish the Noguchi Memorial 
Institute for Medical Research (henceforth referred to as the NMIMR) as a 
postgraduate research institute in the complex. 
After the completion of the facilities of the NMIMR, technical cooperation provided at 
the Korle Bu Hospital was transferred to the institute.  JICA continued to dispatch 
experts to enhance the research capacity and organizational structure of the NMIMR, 

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23 
 
and it began project-type technical cooperation
1
  following a request by the GOG to 
improve the technical capacity of the NMIMR in virology, epidemiology, and 
nutrition.  JICA has continuously cooperated with the NMIMR to improve its 
research capacity over a period of 28 years.  Meanwhile, the Japanese government 
has supported the development of the facilities and equipment of the NMIMR through 
the execution of grant aid projects, such as the Noguchi Memorial Institute 
Rehabilitation and Extension Project in 1997 and so on.