|
‘6
5
‘7
0 ‘7
5
‘8
0 ‘8
5 ‘9
0
‘9
5 ‘0
0 ‘0
5
Notable
Ev
en
ts
Ghana
Kenya
Zambia
Pr
epared
by
th
e i
nves
tigat
ion tea
m
Korl
e Bu
Hos
pi
tal (Dis
pa
tch
of
exp
erts
)
¾
V
ir
ology
and E
lectr
on
m
icr
oscope
¾
Under
nutr
ition and
I
nfectious diseases
¾
Pathologic phy
siol
ogy
and Under
nutr
ition
¾
Diar
rh
ea and Under
nutr
ition
NMIMR Pr
oject
¾
V
ir
ology
¾
Epide
m
iology
¾
Nutrition
NMIMR
Pr
oject
・
F/
U
¾
V
accines
¾
Diarrhea
¾
HIV/A
IDS
¾
Schistoso
m
iasis
In
fectiou
s Dis
eas
es
Contr
ol Pr
oject
¾
HIV/A
IDS/S
TD
¾
T
uber
culosis Contr
ol
¾
VPD
¾
Schistoso
m
iasis
Commu
ni
cab
le Dis
eas
es
Re
se
ar
ch
and Contr
ol
Pr
oject
¾
V
iral Diar
rhoeal
Diseases
¾
Bacterial Diar
rhoeal
Diseases
¾
Parasites
P
roj
ect
of K
E
M
R
I
¾
Vi
ra
l
Diarrhoeal
Diseases
¾
Bacterial
Diarrhoeal
Diseases
¾
Parasites
Pr
oject
on
the
Resear
ch and
Contr
ol of Infe
ctious
Diseases
¾
V
iral Diar
rhoeal
Diseases
¾
Bacterial
Diarrhoeal
Diseases
R
es
ear
ch
a
nd
Contr
ol of
In
fectiou
s
Dis
eas
es
Pr
oj
ect
II
¾
HIV/A
IDS
¾
ARI
¾
V
iral Hepatitis
In
fectiou
s Dis
eas
es
Pr
oject
Phase
Ⅰ・
F/U
¾
Establish
m
ent of the
diagnostic m
ethods
¾
Nosogenesis analy
sis
fr
om
patient sam
ples
In
fectiou
s Dis
eas
es
Con
trol Proj
ect
¾
E
nhancem
ent of
diagnostic techniq
ues
¾
Epidem
iologi
ca
l
and clinical
res
earch
¾
St
rengthening
su
rveill
ance
HIV/AIDS an
d TB Control
Proje
ct
¾
Im
pr
ovem
ent of diagnosis
quality
, data
m
ana
ge
m
ent and
labor
ator
y m
anagem
ent
¾
In
tr
oduction o
f diagnosis and
surveillance techniques for
HIV/A
IDS and
TB
WA
SI
PA
C
¾
Parasitic
Diseases Control
¾
ICTP
an
d
TC
TP
Research and Control of
Infectious and Parasitic
Diseases Project
Resear
ch and Contr
ol of
In
fectiou
s Dis
eas
es
Pr
oject
¾
HIV/A
IDS
In
tern
ation
al P
aras
ite
Contr
ol Pr
oject
¾
Parasitic Diseases Control
¾
ICTP
an
d
TC
TP
Development b
ased on BHN
Independence o
f
Af
rican Nations
“L
os
t Decad
e”
TICAD
Ⅰ
TICAD
Ⅱ
TICAD
Ⅲ
IDI
Table 3.1
Trends in Japanese Cooperation
for Resear
ch
22
4
Analytical Findings on the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical
Research in Ghana
In this chapter, first of all the background and an outline of cooperation with the
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research are given in section 4.1 Summary of
JICA Cooperation with the NMIMR, and based on the field survey the positioning and
functions of the NMIMR in relation to communicable diseases control in Ghana
comprise four sections, and an analysis of the contribution of the Noguchi Memorial
Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) is presented in relation to infectious diseases
control and the effects of JICA’s cooperation that made possible this contribution of
the NMIMR. Section 4.2 provides an outline of infectious diseases control in Ghana,
including the functions and roles of the NMIMR. Based on these findings, the effects
of JICA cooperation that enabled the NMIMR to contribute to infectious diseases
control are analysed and described in section 4.3. The results of the analysis are
summarized in section 4.4 as the expected role of the NMIMR.
4.1
Summary of JICA Cooperation with the NMIMR
4.1.1
Background History to the Cooperation
Following its independence in 1957, former President Nkrumah carried out major
reforms under the banner of Pan Africanism that targeted economic development, the
promotion of education, and public health improvements. However, Ghana’s
mortality rate for children under five years of age was extremely high at 215 deaths per
1,000 infants due to infectious diseases, notably tuberculosis (TB), measles, smallpox,
pneumonia, and malaria. Malnutrition was another major cause of the high mortality
rate.
The Government of Ghana (GoG) judged that there was a need to improve nutritional
and other environmental conditions and to conduct virological research to protect the
population of Ghana. Thus, the GoG requested the Overseas Technical Cooperation
Agency (OTCA), the predecessor of JICA, to dispatch experts to the Korle Bu
Hospital (Ghana College of Health Services). Based on this request, OTCA
dispatched experts from 1968. In 1969, the Ghana College of Health Services
became a part of the University of Ghana and Japan continued to dispatch experts to
the Korle Bu Hospital until 1978.
In 1977, the Ghanaian Government enacted a plan to establish a medical complex
comprising a Basic Medical Sciences Department, Undergraduate Medical School,
Teaching Hospital, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Paramedic Training School and
other units at the University of Ghana in the Legon district, in the capital, Accra.
Based on a request from the GOG, the Japanese government provided grant aid
assistance, “Project for Construction of the Postgraduate Medical Research Institute,
University of Ghana, Medical School” (Phase1-2), to establish the Noguchi Memorial
Institute for Medical Research (henceforth referred to as the NMIMR) as a
postgraduate research institute in the complex.
After the completion of the facilities of the NMIMR, technical cooperation provided at
the Korle Bu Hospital was transferred to the institute. JICA continued to dispatch
experts to enhance the research capacity and organizational structure of the NMIMR,
23
and it began project-type technical cooperation
1
following a request by the GOG to
improve the technical capacity of the NMIMR in virology, epidemiology, and
nutrition. JICA has continuously cooperated with the NMIMR to improve its
research capacity over a period of 28 years. Meanwhile, the Japanese government
has supported the development of the facilities and equipment of the NMIMR through
the execution of grant aid projects, such as the Noguchi Memorial Institute
Rehabilitation and Extension Project in 1997 and so on.
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