Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed

cognitive

dissonance

Caused when an

individual has

conflicting attitudes

job satisfaction or

dissatisfaction

An attitude that

reflects the extent to

which an individual

is gratified by or

fulfilled in his or her

work

Chapter 9: Basic Elements of Individual Behavior in Organizations

2 6 9

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as an individual’s needs and aspirations, determine this attitude, along with group and

organizational factors, such as relationships with coworkers and supervisors, working con-

ditions, work policies, and compensation.

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A satisfied employee also tends to be absent less often, to make positive contributions,

and to stay with the organization.

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In contrast, a dissatisfied employee may be absent

more often, may experience stress that disrupts coworkers, and may be continually look-

ing for another job. Contrary to what many managers believe, however, high levels of job

satisfaction do not necessarily lead to higher levels of performance. One survey has also

indicated that, contrary to popular opinion, Japanese workers are less satisfied with their

jobs than their counterparts in the United States.

20